One of the largest smart bike sharing systems can be found in Paris, France. The current system is known as "Velib" and was launched in 2007 with around seven-hundred-and-fifty automated rental systems. Users only need to take out a subscription for a certain amount of time, "which allows for an unlimited number of rentals during the subscription period" (Midgley, 2009). In order to use/unlock one of the bicycles, users use a smart card which "resembles a credit card, however it usually contains an embedded microprocessor." (What is a smart card?, 2014). The smart card is like a membership or identity card, and quite similar to those issued by Binghamton University upon arrival as a new student. When the smart-bike system was implemented in Paris, the conversion to a modern system encouraged customers to use the new services being offered. A twenty percent increase in participation in the program was noticed, because the new system made it easier, quicker and convenient to use. .
Some major problems associated with common bike sharing systems were theft, vandalism and users keeping the bikes for longer periods of time than allowed; however "The use of smart technology and credit cards has reduced these risks" (Midgley, 2009). In addition, smart bikes are not designed like the common bicycle and require special tools for disassembly, hence making the issue of theft less likely. At the same time, their unique design is attractive and stands out from other bikes. Smart technology has revolutionized bike-sharing programs making them popular, convenient and in vogue amongst the younger population. For example "The city of La Rochelle has shown that bike sharing can be fully integrated with other transport modes by adopting a single smart card ticketing system" (Midgley, 2009). Therefore, the smart cards can be used interchangeably with other forms of public transport which is an added advantage in a society that strives to keep all information in one central location.
Urban sprawl is a term that covers a lot of ground one might say. ... Therefore, more stores will be built adding to the urban sprawl. ... The concept behind it however is that of "smart growth." ... Nobody truly benefits from the blight of urban sprawl. To solve it must be an effort among everyone to promote and use "smart growth" solutions as well as new urbanism methods. ...
Literature Review: In the article "Getting ahead: social mobility among the urban poor" by Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh, the author examines the social mobility within the urban poor population. The article concentrates on the factors that hold the urban poor back. Also the study concentrated on the black urban poor in order to exam prejudice and discrimination. The author explains each factor and how they limit social mobility among the urban poor. ... Most of the respondents agreed with Venkateshs' ideas about the factors that contribute to the lack of social mobility among the urban poor. ...
THE ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF ADVANCED MOBILITY AIRCRAFT DESIGN By Jason A. ... Upgrade and reengineer the airframe and avionic systems, to extend the technological life of the platform. ... One advantage of the KC-10 was that it shared a common maintenance and logistics system with the airlines, thus reducing the cost of ownership for the USAF. ... The concepts developed under the Advanced Mobility Aircraft program embrace this philosophy to reduce total ownership costs and to provide the highest capability mobility platform to the USAF. ... The model features multiple control...
Throughout the Christian world there was an overwhelmingly positive response to Urban's argument. ... Urban's speech was very well rounded. ... Pope Urban the II's speech was also very appealing to the religious community. ... Urban was very successful in appealing to the religious community. ... Pope Urban's speech had a major impact on Europe beginning in 1095. ...
Beyond this, the actual school systems of rural and urban areas would be compared - the differences in funding, ideology, resources, etc., would grant insight into the students" experiences and goals there. ... Each chapter provided statistics that allowed unbiased comparison of the two social structures, both rural and urban. ... The article reviewed relevant studies comparing educational achievement and occupational mobility of the two groups. ... A number of websites would be useful for this research project, including recent government data on the educational trends of rural and urb...
Economic costs include the financial burden of providing more than one infrastructure system or expensive extensions of existing infrastructure (924). ... Griffith illustrates this through a development which over a long-term period requires capital facilities for water, sewer, drainage, and transportation systems (567). ... The historical unbridled growth of Atlanta led urban planners to favor smarter future development for Perimeter Center. ... Based on the success of the smarter walkable development of the Perimeter Center area three more Walk UPs are being planned there: Perimeter East, ...
Introduction Mobility is an event that is perceived by many as beneficial to the accumulation of new relationships, experiences, and opportunities; however, this may not always be the case. In classifying a mobility event as 'beneficial,' a crucial component that must be determined is whether or not it is voluntary or involuntary for the parties involved. ... One may ask then, what could be the justification for forcing mobility?... Many rural migrants, displaced by the TGP, found themselves having to move into urban areas and work industrial jobs in order to make a living. ... What...
Usually the amount of mobility in a society is a major indicator of its openness. ... Unlike the US, it runs on a caste system that dictates each persons status in life and forbids any movement between classes. ... Within this structural mobility, there is room for a person to either rise or fall through the different levels of the class system. ... Even within our society, different ethnic groups have different amounts of mobility. ... Langston offers a few was to challenge classism and regain social mobility. ...
Elizabeth Smart Runaway or Kidnapped? Elizabeth Smart disappeared June 5, 2002 from her Federal Heights home in the middle of the night. ... Let's not forget the reward money and the political aspirations of her father, Ed Smart. ... The Enquirer did offer an apology to the Smart family and printed a retraction. ... It is for you to decide: Elizabeth Smart- a runaway or kidnapped? ...
