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The Armenian Holocaust


This marked the first occasion since the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks where Christians resisted soldiers in Turkey.4 This rise in Armenian Nationalism expressed by the ARF sparked the initial massacres of 1894. The first of these attacks took place in the Armenian city of Sasun and continued through almost every town with a credible Armenian population. It is important to note that these massacres were not spontaneous, but rather a calculated daily military operation. A Muslim sheikh summarizes the hatred shown toward Christians, commanding to "cut their throats after the Mecca rite of sacrificing sheep,"5 as if the Armenians equaled livestock. Perhaps the worst of these massacres occurred in the city of Urfa; the Armenians there constituted about a third of the population and after a two-month siege the Ottomans forced the Christians into a cathedral, only to burn it to the ground.6 .
             After the massacres of 1894-96 the Ottoman Empire slowly fell further under the thumb of their despot Sultan Hamid. Hamid gradually lost interest in matters outside of the Empire and in 1908 the Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed the Ottoman territory of Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Libya was lost to the Italians. With these acts of laziness came the advent of a new young Turkish government known as the Young Turks. Much like the National Socialist of pre-World War II, this new group of Turks strove toward a more nationalistic and unified Turkish Empire. They grew tired of the despot's single-handed rule over the Empire and in 1909 effectively overthrew Abdul Hamid II and established the first Turkish Triumvirate.7.
             The rise of the Young Turks brought solace to the Armenian Christians in the Empire. They thought that because the Sultan did everything in his power to widen the gap between the Turks and the Armenians; this new regime would bridge that gap and establish a more liberal administration similar to that of the ARF.


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