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The Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Irish Civil War



             The second major issue in the Treaty that caused divisions was the partition of the island into North and South with the north-eastern six counties remaining part of the United Kingdom. In the eyes of the British government partition had already been established in the Government of Ireland Act 1920 which allowed for the establishment of a separate parliament in Belfast and Dublin. Unionists in the North welcomed this development as they saw it as protecting the interests of the Unionist majority in the six counties. While those in Sinn Fein who supported the Treaty saw partition as a temporary measure, those opposed felt that the Catholic minority in the North were being abandoned and left to suffer Unionist domination and sectarian attacks.
             The nationalist movement included a wide variety of people from many different backgrounds and many different social classes, all with their own view of what Irish independence should mean. From the pro-monarchy views of Sinn Fein founder Arthur Griffith right across the political spectrum to the socialist views of IRA commander Liam Mellows, there was a wide a diverse range of political views within the nationalist movement. Prior to independence the one thing that united all of the wide range of opinions within the nationalist movement was the desire for independence. This allowed the divisions that did exist to be papered over for the duration of the War of independence. .
             Within the nationalist movement there was a wide range of opinion about what independence should mean. While the expectations of some sections of the nationalist movement were met by the Anglo-Irish Treaty for others it fell far short of what they believed was necessary. The one thing that had unified the nationalist movement in the past, the desire for independence, was now the thing that was causing divisions within the same nationalist movement and contribute to the civil war.


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