People - the population living in a state.
Territory - includes the land, the rivers, the sea, and the air space which the jurisdiction of the sate extends.
3. Government - the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out.
4. Sovereignty or independence - the power to command and enforce obedience free from foreign control.
Types of Governments.
Governments can be classified into several types. Some of the more common types of governments are:.
1. Democracy.
The word "democracy" literally means "rule by the people." In a democracy, the people govern.
2. Republic.
A literal democracy is impossible in a political system containing more than a few people. All "democracies" are really republics. In a republic, the people elect representatives to make and enforce laws.
3. Monarchy.
A monarchy consists of rule by a king or queen. Sometimes a king is called an "emperor," especially if there is a large empire, such as China before 1911. There are no large monarchies today. The United Kingdom, which has a queen, is really a republic because the queen has virtually no political power.
4. Aristocracy.
An aristocracy is rule by the aristocrats. Aristocrats are typically wealthy, educated people. Many monarchies have really been ruled by aristocrats. Today, typically, the term "aristocracy" is used negatively to accuse a republic of being dominated by rich people, such as saying, "The United States has become an aristocracy.".
5. Dictatorship.
A dictatorship consists of rule by one person or a group of people. Very few dictators admit they are dictators; they almost always claim to be leaders of democracies. The dictator may be one person, such as Castro in Cuba or Hitler in Germany, or a group of people, such as the Communist Party in China.
6. Democratic Republic.
Usually, a "democratic republic" is not democratic and is not a republic. A government that officially calls itself a "democratic republic" is usually a dictatorship.
