Continuity and Change across the Early Middle Ages, Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance is defined by several aspects. The Early Middle Ages represents the drastic change from monarchy to feudalism, the Late Middle Ages is of struggles of power between political and religious kingdoms as well as a political split, and change in the Renaissance was the division of city-states, and eventually change from signori to monarchy. For the Early Middle Ages represents the drastic change from monarchy to feudalism, the Late Middle Ages is also characterized by struggles of power between political and religious kingdoms. In conclusion, although Europe remained a feudal kingdom ruled by powerful nobles, the rise of the signori and city states dominated the weakening system of feudalism due to the commitment of urban merchants towards political life. Other several aspects of change in the Renaissance was the division of city-states, and eventually change from signori to monarchy.
In the terms of government and politics, the beginning of Early Middle Ages began when the last Roman emperor, 14-year old Romulus Augustulus was ousted out by German forces in 476 BC. This overthrow of monarchy signified the collapse of the Western Empire, but however it also marked the powerful alliance of the Church and the Frankish kingdom. This new era of a political and churchly kingdom became the central theme of the Middle Ages of how the two authorities led to religious and political conflicts. Furthermore, the Western Empire was replaced with small Germanic kingdoms that sprang all over Europe, with the crowning of Charlemagne as Roman emperor in 800. Most importantly, the peace treaty between Vikings' leader, Rollo and France's king, Charles the Simple to end the Vikings' invasion of France led to feudalism, which was established in 911. Other aspects that led to the beginning of feudalism can be attributed to Charlemagne's death in 8141, which led his European empire to collapse and civil war to erupt in a state of chaos with no central security.
