The Six Day War was the most dramatic Arab-Israeli conflict of the 20th century. After the ceasefire was signed on the 11th of June 1967, Israel had conquered the West Bank, Gaza, Sinai and the Golan Heights. This essay will explain that the origins of the Six Day War was a combination of domestic and external factors on both Israeli and Arab sides including: pre-war provocations and Palestinian guerrilla attacks, divisions within the Israeli government, the Arab League and the "water wars "; with Syria being the primarily belligerent actor against Israel.
The origins of the Six Day War can be traced back to when the Zionist ideology started to appear as threat to the Arabs. As early as 1914, 40,000 Jews entered Palestine to ˜colonise it and establish a base for the further restoration of Palestine as Israel'.1 However it was when Zionists such as Herzl called for "the labour of land " to be a Jewish entity and thus opposed Arab employment, tensions started to rise. .
David Ben-Gurion who was Prime Minister on-and-off from 1948-1963, was extra vigilant when it came to provocations with the Arab countries. Ben-Gurion championed the offensive-defensive position, which reverberated through Israeli politics and military even after his resignation. If Israel were receiving alarming threats from its Arab neighbours, they would go on the offensive in order to defend the state of Israel. John Quigley asserts this approach was ˜the propriety of the [Six Day War's] initiation',2 as it had major implications in damaging further relations with the Arabs. .
Firstly, the Lavon Affair, supposedly administered by foreign minister Pinhas Lavon (1954-55) set up a spy network in Cairo and Alexandria. The purpose was to sabotage Anglo-Egyptian relations by planting bombs at the British and American embassies with the goal of blaming Egypt. The Lavon Affair is an example of the offensive-defensive position; there had been a recent Anglo-Egyptian agreement which decided that British troops would withdraw from the Canal Zone.