"Changes in language teaching methods throughout history have reflected recognition of changes in the kind of proficiency learners need .they have also reflected changes in theories of the nature of language and of language learning- (Richards & Rogers 1990 p1) .
Trace the development of language teaching being sure to show how any change in method or approach reflected the linguistic theory of the time.
As is probably evident by the number of multilingual speakers around the world Language teaching has been around for many centuries. Over this time language needs and theories have changed immensely and these changes have reflected in the changing methods of Language teaching. .
Prior to the 18th and 19th Centuries Language teaching would probably have focused on classical languages such as Ancient Greek or Latin where scholars would have been drilled in perfect grammar and translation. Latin in particular was considered to be a language of prestige and the way in which it was taught became a model for the way any language could be taught. .
The grammar translation method (gtm) popular between the mid 18th and late 19th Century focused on direct translation from texts in and out of the target language. There is little or no theory around the translation method. This method focused solely on written texts, and as such students gained no knowledge or experience of the spoken langauage. There is no literature offering a rationale or justification for the method. The stress of the gtm was on accuracy.
According to Howatt (2000) The earliest grammar-translation course for the teaching of English was written in 1793 by Johann Christian Fick (1763-1821) "Praktische englische Sprachlehre fur Deutsche beiderlei Geschlechts, 'tach der in Meidingers franzosische Grammatik befolgten Methode (Practical English Course for Germans of both sexes, following the Method of Meidinger's French Grammar).
It was published Germany and as the title suggests it was based on the previous works of JohannValentin Meidinger (1756-1822).
What is History? So, what is History? When I told someone I was giving a talk on History and what it is, they said, "and you only have an hour?" No doubt everyone in this room has some idea of what History is, or isn't. So let's get started and see how far we can get with my highly selective ...
What is World History? World history is the study of the ways in which the world changes over time. ... This examination of interactions between these distant regions is what is meant by the term World History. ... One reason is that the United States has supported numerous nations throughout history in times of trouble. ... By studying World History one can find the origins of the Muslim religion with Muhammad. ...
Abstract This essay contains a few reasons of how history as a discipline is beneficial to society and the purpose history overall. Also how a journal I so important especially for a subject like history. As well as using History of California journal as an example on how a history journal works and the contents. ... There is a sense of Identity that comes with learning history. ... The saying "knowledge is power " really comes into play with history. ...
Sacred history can be defined as a history that is spread by the word of mouth, by oral teachings as opposed to written works. ... Sacred history can be defined as a history that is spread and kept by the word of mouth, by oral teachings. ... This would make the text then sacred history as well. ... Sacred history is different from scientific history for two main reasons. ... The second reason why sacred history differs from Thucydides theories of scientific history and ˜historical recurrence' is that Thucydides didn't believe in a divine intervention while sacred history usua...
LARGE CLASSES The focus of this essay is to firstly identify the problems that exist, for both teachers and students, in teaching English as a second language to large classes. Potential benefits to teaching large classes are also identified. This paper then explores to what extent communicative language teaching (CLT) can be used. In considering the problems associated with large classes, practical and feasible solutions to lessen teachers" burdens are provided, bearing in mind that an effective learning environment is required for students. In the context of teaching English to spe...
The Oral Tradition:Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali How Can A Historian Use Oral Tradition When Writing History Oral tradition is a history or a story passed down from generation to generation through word of mouth. The story is usually the history of a civilization or culture. ... Male griots tell the family history of the male side and females tell the female side. ... Writing traditions do consist in ancient history in Africa, but most Africans prefer the traditions of African storytelling and oral history. ... "Listen to my word, you who want to know; by my mouth you will learn the his...
One of the first recorded Bigfoot sightings was made by Leif Erikson when he discovered the New World nearly 500 years before Columbus. Erikson and his crew were the first Europeans to settle in North America and witness the creature that is now called Bigfoot. It was said that he saw more than one ...
Ahmar Mahboob in his book "The NNEST Lens: Non Native English Speakers in TESOL" describes NNEST in three main terms "multilingulism", "Multiculturalism" and "Multinationalism", they are multilingual due to the fact that they do not only speak English but they also speak their mother tongue language. ...
"American History X" is undeniably one of the most poignant and potent movies I have ever seen. ... In "American History X" however, hate destroys the bond between two brothers. ... "American History X" gives us more closure. ... "American History X" has much stronger actors. ... In "American History X" however, we go beyond pity. ...
