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In "Civilization and its Discontents ", Freud tries to replace a metaphysical, idealistic framework with a psychological one. In order to do so, he encourages the reader to analyze philosophical problems in the context of his daily life. He wants the reader to get involved in the lecture of the text and afterwards, he is looking for an action. Freud's style of argumentation does not examine behavior, institutions, culture or civilization in an abstract or ideal light, but as they exist in reality. Freud's justifications and arguments fit with his own experience, everyday situations, along with common things in everybody's life. These everyday conditions always are there, but we do not realize that every single thing we do has a reason and all our actions are under control of the super-ego. The things he expressed in the text is real and it is part of our common lives. He wants the reader to appeal to his own commonsense, past experience, and emotional and behavioral patterns in addressing philosophical questions. It is beneficial because he asks the audience to analyze themselves in the process. Freud wants all the people to understand all the alternate issues he explains along the text and that usually we do not even notice. He wishes to show people that his psychoanalytic observations came from real life, common situations.
Freud discussed civilization as a key part to the unhappiness of the individual. The origins of civilization are in the individual. We are born in a world in which we want to avoid pain and seek pleasure aka the pleasure principle. Freud argues that the only purpose in life people agree upon is to be happy. He states, "it is impossible to overlook the extent to which civilization is built upon a renunciation of instinct it is not easy to understand how it can deprive an instinct of satisfaction If the loss is not compensated for economically, one can be certain that serious disorders will ensure " (74).
