Liver disease encompasses numerous disorders which disrupt the normal functions of the liver. Normal liver functions include: breaking down harmful substances, removing waste products from the blood, storing nutrients and vitamins, and moderating chemical levels in the body. Types of liver disease include: viral hepatitis, autoimmune diseases (primary biliary cirrhosis), genetic diseases (hemochromatosis), alcoholic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Mayo Clinic, 2003). Two prevalent forms of cancer exist as well; liver cancer and bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). When we think of liver disease the main topics that come to our minds are non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis. .
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the US (Web MD, 2005). It is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol. Although this is not normal, it is not considered serious if it doesn't lead to inflammation or damage. On the other hand people can develop what is called non-alcoholic steatohepatisis (NASH). NASH can lead to permanent liver damage. The liver may enlarge and cells may be replaced by scar tissue, also known as cirrhosis. If the liver cannot work right liver failure, liver cancer, and liver-related deaths may develop. The causes for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are not well defined, yet many factors have shown an increased risk. The disease tends to run families, meaning there is a genetic component. Also, it appears often in middle-aged, overweight or obese patients. Multiple other risk factors exist, but many do not show up in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Web MD, 2005). .
Hepatitis means the inflammation of the liver. Viral hepatitis is caused by infection with any of at least five distinct viruses: hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus.
