The Central Asian countries born after 1991 with the fall of the Soviet Union are quite attractive to developed countries for their wealth underground. These countries sought independence from the Soviet Union to open up new partners such as Turkey, Iran, the Gulf States, China, Japan, South Korea, Europe and the United States. During the 2000s his margin of economic maneuver was reduced and there are three major economic partners for this region; Russia, for its control of export routes of hydrocarbons; China, offering equipment at a low price; and the European Union, with whom they hope to develop technology partnerships and an energy partnership. .
Great powers and regional powers interested in the riches of Central Asia, as well as the states themselves, but by themselves the states of Central Asia have no means to a policy of conquest of the world market are primarily concerned with a internal geo-economic, defined by a double set of power between the state and its international partners, and between them for control of the national wealth. The aim is not only to curb the profits of large multinational or for more attractive financial benefits to States, but also add the use of these resources in a logic of sustainable development, both in environmental terms and in the framework of a legacy future generations. .
For the powers established in Central Asia, economic and political interests are intrinsically linked. United States, Russia, China, Japan, the European Union, Turkey and Iran to name the main combine defend its geopolitical interests (influence on the circles of power, strategic and military cooperation, restraint of competition) and those of its national partners through multiple instruments, ranging from measures of neighborliness, according to Chinese formula, the mechanisms of assistance from the EU, USA and Japan. For the states of Central Asia, the key challenge is not only in the balance of these powers, but the link between this internal geo-economic and development issues, the only guarantee of stability for potentially fragile societies located in an unstable regional environment.
