The monopolization of the power for an everlasting period had been a major factor of the Arab awakening. In Tunisia, Ben Ali seated in the presidency for 22 years since 1989; Mubarak totalized 30 years since 1981 when he took the power in Egypt; Gadhafi spent almost 42 years as the president of Libya. In these 3 countries where the revolutions were mostly emphasized, the absolute monarchy of these leaders were characterized by corruption, poverty, human right violations, National Security, Human Development, Rule of Law, Sustainable Economic Opportunity, and Participation and Human Right (Ogbonnaya). According to the Mo Ibrahim Index score from 0-100, where 100=best and 0=worst, corruption in government and public officials in Egypt accounted for an average of 40 between 2000 and 2010, 65.11 average for poverty and 25 average on human rights violation official National Security scored 82.05 points, Human Development scored 73.54 points and Sustainable Economic Opportunity scored 59.67 points. Political Participation and Human Rights scored 38.70 points. This implies that though welfare in Egypt was relatively high between 2000 and 2010, there was high rate of human rights violation political exclusion in the country. Also, while Human Development scored 73.54 points, Sustainable Economic .
Opportunity was at an average score of 59.67 points. In other words the level of human development was higher than the available sustainable economic opportunities. This explains the high rate of unemployment in the country which was a source of social tension (Ogbonnaya). The extreme poverty has been fueled by the monopolization of the wealth by the regime and the elite, thus Mubarak and his family reportedly built up a fortune of between $40 billion and $70 billion, and 39 officials and businessmen close to Mubarak's son Gakmal are alleged to have made fortunes averaging more than $1 billion each.
