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Research Methods for English and Literary Studies

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             Scientific Basis: Every research must have a scientific basis for it to be good. There must be clearly stated procedures with definite pathways of expected results. .
             Being Systematic: To be systematic, the research must follow a definite procedure such that any other researcher following the same approach would arrive at the results. This characteristic makes research a process of creating knowledge. Falsifiability: According to Karl Popper, (1963, cited by Hergenhahn, 1986), "what distinguishes a scientific theory from an unscientific one is the principle of refutability." This simply means that no research is set on concrete. One researcher might come up with a discovery which another researcher refutes or falsifies years later. This has been the tradition in scientific advancement. .
             Ethical Principles: A good research must follow the ethical principles outlined by the discipline or by anybody or agency that sees to the conduct of researches. This implies that the researcher, before he engages in any research, must try as much as possible to protect the participants from harm, obtain the consent of the participants, debrief the participants, ensure confidentiality and that the participants are not deceived. .
             Approaches to Research in English and Literary Studies .
             Survey.
             The survey research method is an approach that enables the researcher gather information or data from a large group of population. Survey research procedure can be established and achieved through two major means. The first is the interview method while the second is the questionnaire method. These are means by which the researcher asks questions about the beliefs, behaviours and attitudes of the respondents with the aim to succinctly describe the characteristics of the respondents and to generalise via extrapolation, such characteristics to the entire population. The design has the advantage of large sample and variable measurement and robust generalisability.


Essays Related to Research Methods for English and Literary Studies

1. Literary Theory and Teaching Literature

The present paper evaluates both traditional approaches and poststructuralist literary theoretical approaches to the teaching and interpretation of literary texts in the light of research on twenty- first century education and teaching literature. ... Introduction The current study is concerned with evaluating the value of use of literary theory as a pedagogical tool to achieve the aims and objectives of twenty- first century education. ... They discard traditional approaches to teaching and studying literature and recommend approaches which are guided by the contemporary research. ... Rossl...

  • Word Count: 1829
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Graduate

2. Literary Genres

He summarizes his study on genre as follows: (1) Every theory is based on a hypothesis concerning the nature of literary works (2) A preliminary choice must be made as to the level on which to locate literary structures (3) The concept of genre must be qualified. ... Moreover, personal essays and researched articles are not literary works because they are not part of the literary genre. ... If literary genres pose so many problems, why not just scrap the whole concept of classification from the study of literature? ... I do not wish to propose that genres be removed from the stu...

  • Word Count: 1508
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: High School

3. Percy Jackson and the Olympians

The main focus is determined by analyzing the plot and the dialogues of the series to see Percy Jackson actions related to his hamartia in the series. 1.5 Theoretical Approach Since the present writer conducts a literary research on the plot of a novel, an approach which only focuses on intrincsi elements and stands free from any entrinsic elements. ... In other words, objective approach is an autonomy analysis, which focuses on the relationships of each element, which has unity, wholeness, coherence, and self regulation (2004:73). 1.6 Method of the Study In collecting data, the present writ...

  • Word Count: 1547
  • Approx Pages: 6

4. Readers' Theatre

Most English teachers consider drama to not be within their English Language Arts curriculum, drama is used more often as a teaching method in other disciplines. ... English teachers tend to leave drama to theater courses, isolating drama techniques from most English classrooms. Yet, the research on classroom drama suggests that there is considerable untapped potential for using drama as a teaching method. ... Other researchers and theorists also attribute many benefits to using Readers" Theatre. ... Students develop an understanding of and appreciation for literary genres and for particula...

  • Word Count: 1869
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography

5. Francis Bacon

Bacon's writings fall into three categories; philosophical, purely literary, and professional. He wrote and researched topics such as England's politics to scientific theory. ... A new method of scientific inquiry 3. ... Examples of the new method 5. ... According to Lelsie, Bacon himself believed that the study of ethics involved not only the general study of ethical principle but also the detailed study of human nature, which equips one to influence others. ...

  • Word Count: 968
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

6. Textbooks for the ESL/EFL Classroom

A textbook is a manual of instruction in any branch of study. ... Evidents Upon this, the role of the textbook in the English classroom is very important. Research indicates that EFL textbooks are used in many different ways depending on a wide spectrum of factors. ... Marc and Kees (2009) anlyze the content of textbooks as well as the preferences at the expence of selection made by literary experts. ... Recommendations According to Los Angeles Unified School District Textbook Evaluation (2002) research, the following model standards, current teaching strategies and methods are used to rate t...

  • Word Count: 1475
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

7. Cultural Differences in Pedagogy

The study in progress has actually grown out of my personal observations and interactions with my students inside and outside the classrooms. ... Culture has become a vehemently significant issue in connection with teaching English in a country where English is not the mother tongue. ... The intended learning outcomes of the new teaching: A Study in Practice During Spring Semester 2009, I taught the course "English 303: Short Stories" designed to introduce students to the short fiction of pre-modern and modern periods through short stories of England, Europe and Americas. The ai...

  • Word Count: 2530
  • Approx Pages: 10
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Traditional vs Trendy

Critics revere Mary Shelley's Frankenstein as one of the literary classics. ... I chose to analysis Frankenstein as the novel for my analysis because I studies the novel in depth in a first year English (English 200) course. ... While for a hypertextual work this porosity forms an essential ingredient in the whole process, for a traditional piece of literature I found this method very unsettling. ... In fact, doing research for a "normal" work using hypertextual sources is one of the best ways to do research. Nonetheless, I still believe that the literary classics are best experience ...

  • Word Count: 1023
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Grade Level: High School

9. Teaching English for Academic Purposes

In contrast, concrete language "identifies things perceived through the senses (touch, smell, sight, hearing, and taste), such as soft, stench, red, loud, or bitter" ("Literary Terms", n.d.). ... Although it may seem as if technical language has only started being used after the modern era, technical language is not an invention in response to the advances in science and technology or increased study and exploration of the other academic areas. ... (Nida, 1992) To illustrate the difference between abstract and technical writing and everyday writing, Schwartz (1984) discusses a study she ...

  • Word Count: 3029
  • Approx Pages: 12
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

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