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Gang violence


(URL: Howell) Recent studies have shown that the average gang member stays in the group less then a year. Gangs tended to be composed of whites from various European backgrounds until the mid-1900. Four-fifths of all gang members were either African-American or Hispanic by the 1970's. Recently Asian gangs have been emerging. Two factors have remained constant. Gangs tend to be composed of ethnic groups that have recently migrated and from the lower economic groups. (Howell) Gangs tend to develop in countries with a higher economic level or where there has been rapid economic and social change. (Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential). Such groups are not organized crime units; rather the members use delinquency as a means for obtaining kicks.' It is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 250,000 gang members in Los Angeles alone. (Encyclopedia of world Problems). .
             Scientific studies have attempted to discern the scope of the problem presented by gang violence. The Rochester study showed that gang members are responsible for a disproportionate amount of delinquent acts. In other words, gang members represented one-third of the juveniles interviewed for the studies yet were responsible for more then one-third of the delinquent acts. This proportion tended to go up with the violence of the activity. (Thornberry & Burch, 1997) Eighty-six percent of all serious violent crime reported in the interviews could be attributed to gang members. (Thornberry & Burch, 1997) To young men whom life is offering very little, gangs offer an identity and an opportunity for self-assertion. (Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential).
             There are numerous opinions as the causes of juvenile violence. The main causes of gang related violence according to the leading experts is racism, poverty, a desire for excitement and status, a need for discipline and the fear of violence. (Sadler, 1997) .


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