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Cell Structures and Organelles (Lab)

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             11. Yes, this is because a polyribosome is a group of ribosomes. .
             12. The ribosomes function is protein synthesis.
             13. The major storage form of energy in animals is glycogen stored in glycogen granules. Therefore, glycogen granules in muscle cell act as stores of energy for the muscle cells which require a lot of energy to perform their functions.
             14. Golgi apparatus's major roles are processing, packing, and distribution of proteins and lipids.
             15. The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes, vesicles that contain enzymes that remain within the cell. It appears that proteins made at the rough ER have specific molecular tags that serve as "postal codes" to tell the Golgi apparatus whether they belong inside the cell in some membrane-bound organelle or in a secretory vesicle.
             16. 1) Break-down 'digestion' of materials from inside and outside the cell.
             2) Completely break-down cells that have died.
             17. The lysosomes in the muscle cells are probably the lighter coloured vacuoles that contain auto digestive vacuoles.
             18. Vacuoles are single-membrane organelles that are essentially part of the outside that is located within the cell. The single membrane is known in plant cells as a tonoplast. Many organisms will use vacuoles as storage areas. Vesicles are much smaller than vacuoles and function in transporting materials both within and to the outside of the cell.
             19. Vesicles and vacuoles are formed through budding and endocytosis. .
             20. Cristae provides a much greater surface area to accommodate the protein complexes and other participants that produce ATP.
             21. The function of cilia and flagella is the movement of cell.
             22. Cilia and flagella are rooted to the cell at the basal body, which is a specialized form of a structure called a centriole.
             23. A eukaryotic flagellum is a bundle of nine fused pairs of microtubule doublets surrounding two central single microtubules. The so-called "9+2" structure is characteristic of the core of the eukaryotic flagellum called an axoneme.


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