Falling action is the retreat of the Trojan army; Achilles' revenge on Hector; the Achaeans' desecration of Hector's corpse. Major themes of the poem are the glory of war; military values over family life; the impermanence of human life and its creations. Motifs of this poem are armor; burial; fire etc. Symbols used in the epic are the Achaean ships; the shield of Achilles. Foreshadowing is prominent in The Iliad, as the poet constantly refers to events that have yet to occur and to fated outcomes. Patroclus's return to battle foreshadows Achilles' return to battle, for example, and Hector's taunting of the dead Patroclus foreshadows the desecration of his own corpse by Achilles. Also, Achilles and Hector themselves make references to their own fates-about which they have been informed; technically, only Hector's references foreshadow any event in the poem itself, however, as Achilles dies after the close of the epic.
On the contrary the author of "The Aeneid" is Virgil. It is an Epic poem of Heroic epic; mythological story genre. It is written in Latin language. It is written around 20 B.C., probably in Rome and in the north of Italy, and perhaps in Greece. Virgil died in 19 B.C., before he finished revising The Aeneid; it was published after his death. The poet Virgil is the main narrator, although Aeneas himself assumes the narration in Books II and III, when he gives a retrospective account of his adventures. When Virgil controls the narration, the point of view includes the actions of the gods as well as the human story; Aeneas, in his storytelling, does not have this access to the gods' perspective and relates events only from his own perspective. Tone of the epic varies from time to time when treating the glory of Rome; the epic is solemn and honorific. When Virgil depicts the victims of history-those who suffered in the course of the founding of Rome, like Dido-his tone is tragic and sympathetic.
