.
*Immunization is LONG LASTING. As B- cells and T-cells have a memory, they are able to recognize the antigen and are able to mount a more immediate immune response.
MICROBIOLOGY .
- Micro-organisms are microscopic, and are one celled organisms. .
- Include bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. .
- They can live in air,land, water and inside plants and animals. .
- Micro organisms can be beneficial, pathogenic, or non-pathogenic .
- Pathogenic: disease causing .
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS .
Risk Factors for Bacterial Infection .
- Age: Individuals who are older in age, have an increased risk of bacterial infections.
- Nutritional Status: The body requires a balanced diet that provides nutrients, minerals and vitamins for an.
effective immune response. .
- Genetic Predisposition: Some people that have a genetic predisposition to bacterial infection. .
Respiratory Infections.
- Upper respiratory tract infections, Otitis media (ear infection), Tuberculosis.
Gastrointestinal Infections.
- Salmonella,Shigella, Campylobacter jejuni .
Skin Infection .
- In hospitals and health care facilities, the most common infections are urinary tract infections, pneumonias, skin and.
soft tissue infections and invasive bloodstream infections. .
- Antibiotics are the bacterial treatment. These drugs kill invading bacteria without harming the host. Antibiotic.
effectiveness depends on mechanism of action, drug distribution, site of infection, immune status of the host, and.
resistance factors of bacteria.
ANTIBIOTICS.
-Antibiotics can be bacteristatic (paralyze the bacteria) or bactericidal( kill the bacteria).
Major Classes of Antibiotics .
1) Penicillins .
2) Cephalosporing .
3) Fluoroquinolones .
4) Tetracyclines.
5) Macrolides .
Penicillins .
- Oldest class of antibiotics.
- Bactercidal .
- Effective against bacteria that are sensitive/ susceptible to penicillins.
- There are 4 groups of penicillins .
A) Natural: eg. penicillin G&V, narrow spectrum .
B) Penicillinase Resistant: eg.
DTaP is a bacterial infection. ... For many years this vaccine had been given orally in drops as a live virus. ... Hepatitis B is spread through direct contact with the virus in blood or other body fluids. ... Some illnesses may include bacterial skin infections, ear infections. ... Varicella vaccine has a 95% efficacy against infection. ...
Hepatitis B is a very serious liver infection that can lead to liver cancer and sometimes even death. ... Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a virus, a bacterial infection, or injury from overwhelming amounts of alcohol, drugs, or environmental poisons. ... Those children born to a mother carrying the Hepatitis B virus. ... Hepatitis B is a public health problem because of the acute illness, the long-term disability, and the increased rate of liver cancer resulting from chronic infection. ... The Hepatitis B immunization vaccine is also available for those people in high risks...
Hepatitis B is a very serious liver infection that can lead to liver cancer and sometimes even death. ... Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a virus, a bacterial infection, or injury from overwhelming amounts of alcohol, drugs, or environmental poisons. ... Those children born to a mother carrying the Hepatitis B virus. ... Hepatitis B is a public health problem because of the acute illness, the long-term disability, and the increased rate of liver cancer resulting from chronic infection. ... The Hepatitis B immunization vaccine is also available for those people in high risks...
The infection of humans through the transmission of the bat lyssavirus, which has caused deaths in Europe and Australia in the past three decades, can be prevented by immunization. Therefore, the immunization of all bat handlers is strongly advised. ... The passive surveillance program was used obtain numerical data representing the cases of infection in Europe and the United Kingdom. ... However, many approaches could have been taken in order to prove the effectiveness of the rabies vaccination and therefore validate the article's point that immunization of all bat handlers will preve...
Meningitis can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Viral meningitis is more common and can be caused by many different viruses but is most commonly caused by an entrovirus. ... The number of infections caused by the bacteria has dropped significantly. ... Some college officials say that all students should consider immunization. ... The UK wants all children 19 and under immunized. ...
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is a specific group of diseases or conditions that result in the suppression of the immune system related to infection with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) (Murill 1). ... The person may have very low T-cell levels with infections that identify AIDS. ... They are trying to find an effective immunization that could be either protective or therapeutic. If it were protective it would prevent infection if an immunized person were exposed to the virus. ... This DNA vaccine should generate antibodies to the AIDS virus and activate immune cells tha...
This virus is also a disease to humans. ... After that happens the virus is condemned to spread for about eight days. ... The most common complication is an ear infection (Measles: Complications, para 1). Sometimes the ear infection can become so bad that the infected person can risk having permanent hearing loss. ... Non-immunized people, including infants, may be given the measles vaccination within 72 hours of exposure to the measles virus to provide protection against the disease (Measles: Treatment, para 1). ...
