b. Skeletal: Components: Bones, Joints, Cartilage.
Functions: Support, Protection, Body movement, Produces blood cells, Stores minerals & fats.
c. Muscular: Components: skeletal muscles.
Functions: body movement, posture, generates heat.
d. Nervous: Components: brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs.
Functions: action potentials (nerve impulses); detects, interprets, and responds to changes in environment.
e. Endocrine: Components: hormone-producing glands and cells.
Functions: regulates body activities.
f. Cardiovascular: Components: blood, heart, blood vessels.
Functions: pumps blood, carries O2 and nutrients to cells and wastes away, regulates temperature, acid-base balance, and H2O.
g. Lymphatic: Components: lymph fluid & vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils.
Functions: transports dietary lipids, protection.
h. Respiratory: Components: lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree.
Functions: exchange of gases, acid-base balance, sound production.
i. Digestive: Components: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
Functions: breakdown of food, absorption of food, eliminates wastes.
j. Urinary: Components: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.
Functions: eliminates waste, regulates blood composition & volume, acid-base balance.
k. Reproductive: Components: ovaries, testes, associated structures.
Functions: produce gametes, hormone regulation of reproduction.
7. Describe the ANATOMICAL POSITION .
a. standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out.
8. Know the relative positions: superior, inferior, posterior, anterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, deep.
a. Superior- towards the head.
b. Inferior- towards the feet.
c. Posterior- back side.
d. Anterior- front side.
e. Medial- middle.
f. Lateral- on the side.
g. Proximal- situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.
