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Enzymes Lab Overview


            
             Define and use the following terms, providing examples if appropriate: catalyst enzyme, substrate, active site, cofactor, coenzyme, competitive inhibition, noncompetitive inhibition.
             Catalyst Enzyme - a substance that speeds up the reaction but is not used up.
             Substrate - is the material with which the catalyst reacts, and is modified during the reaction to form a new product.
             Active Site - is the region involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.
             Cofactor - non-protein substances that usually bind to the active site and are essential for the enzyme to work.
             Coenzyme (organic cofactors) - a non-protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme .
             Competitive inhibition: takes place when a molecule that is structurally similar to the substrate for a particular reaction competes for a position at the active site on the enzyme. Example: Sulfa drugs given to bacteria complete with para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) and folic acid synthesis is inhibited.
             Noncompetitive inhibition: the inhibitor binds to a part of the enzyme that is not the active site. Example: Cyanide combines with the prosthetic group of cytochrome oxidase and inhibits the election transport chain.
             2. Compare and contrast competitive and noncompetitive inhibition.
             Characteristic.
             Competitive inhibition.
             Non-competitive.
             Inhibitor.
             Structurally/chemically very similar to substrate.
             Different from substrate.
             Site of binding.
             Active site.
             Binds to different site "not active site/allosteric site".
             Effect.
             Blocks active site.
             Changes tertiary structure of enzyme/conformational change of active site.
             Effect.
             Competes with substrate/prevents substrate binding.
             Substrate cannot bind " reaction isn't catalyzed, decreased enzyme activity.
             Example.
             Folic acid synthesis in bacteria by sulfonamide Prontosil. .
             Malonate ions inhibiting the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase.
             Metal ions (Hg, Ag, Cu, CN) inhibit enzymes by breaking disulfide linkages.


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