Classical approaches to organizational management and early organizational theories were designed to predict and control behavior in organizations. Max Weber (1864-1920) developed an ideal type or pure form of bureaucracy (Weber, 1992) as a formal system of organization and administration that would reflect the most characteristic aspects of all human organizations. Luther Gulick (1892-1993) is the one who expanded on the works of Max Weber to build a foundation for structuring the organization (Gulick, 1936). Both of them are the major contributors to the classical organizational Theory. And Herbert Simon (1916-2001) is considered to be one of the key players in the transition period between classical and modern organizational theory. He takes issue with some of the basic principles that constitute the basis for classical organizational theory (Simon, 1946).
It seems that not only do theories are subjected to a gradual evolution with the change of environment, but there are also no criteria to determine whether theory is totally right or wrong because those are under contingency and conditional. There are many definitions of "Bureaucracy " and the two stands out of it are rule by officials and as a particular form of government (Maheshwari, 2002, pp. 66-67). As stated by Max Weber, bureaucracy is technically the most efficient form of organization and there are some principles of bureaucracy (Maheshwari, 2002, pp. 68-78).
The Seven Characteristics of Bureaucracy.
1. The Primacy of Formal Rules .
All decisions and actions must follow the strict rules of rationality and be taken according to established and known procedures. Moreover, a clearly defined sphere of competence in the legal sense should be given to each office. .
2. The Hierarchy of Authority .
A bureaucracy is set up with hierarchy of authority that means one boss at the top and power flows downward like a pyramid.
