Each year, anencephaly, one of the most common forms of neural tube defects occurs in 1 in 1000 pregnancies in the United States and an estimated 300,000 or more newborns worldwide. Anencephaly is a neural tube defect and occurs in the first three months of pregnancy. In the 3rd week of pregnancy, termed gastrulation, specialized cells on the dorsal side of the fetus begin to fuse and form the neural tube. When the neural tube does not close completely a neural tube defect occurs and causes anencephaly. When planning on and or becoming pregnant, doctors advise mothers to take prenatal vitamins and supplements to reduce the risk of neural tube defects, especially anencephaly. Although supplementation use is advised, maternal obesity is best understood as a contributor as to mothers giving birth to anencephalic babies. .
Obesity causes many problems for an expectant mother and can put the child at risk for serious health problems and deficiencies. Because anencephaly and other neural tube defects occur in the first three months of a pregnancy, poor glycemic control during the first trimester as compared with later pregnancy, is associated with the highest risk of anencephaly according to studies. Maternal obesity before pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects. According to the journal article, "Maternal Obesity, Gestational Diabetes, and Central Nervous System Birth Defects"," Anderson et al. (2005) "maternal obesity and diabetes are both associated with increased risk neural tube defects"." The studies have also indicated that obese women may tend to have some metabolic abnormality and or nutritional deficiency that disrupt development of the embryo in early pregnancy. According to the journal article, "Is Maternal Obesity a Risk Factor for Anencephaly and Spina Bifida? " the authors indicate that, "compared with average-weight women, obese women (pregravid body mass index greater than 29) had almost twice the risk of having an infant with anencephaly or spina bifida " (Watkins, Scanlon, Mulinare, and Khoury, 1996).
OBESITY Introduction I have decided to do my report on what I feel is the most horrible disease, obesity. ... Causes Genetic Causes of Obesity Obesity tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic link. ... Environmental Factors in Obesity Environment also strongly influences obesity. ... Obesity is linked to many diseases and psychological problems. ... Obesity has even been linked to heart disease (Mayer, 2000). ...
OBESITY Introduction I have decided to do my report on what I feel is the most horrible disease, obesity. ... Causes Genetic Causes of Obesity Obesity tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic link. ... Environmental Factors in Obesity Environment also strongly influences obesity. ... Obesity is linked to many diseases and psychological problems. ... Obesity has even been linked to heart disease (Mayer, 2000). ...
Obesity has been linked to personal trauma, factors relating to the environment, and even to genes (Mayer, 59). ... Obesity is linked to many diseases and physchological problems. ... Obesity has even been linked to heart disease (Mayer, 100-105). Obesity increases the risk of getting some 30 diseases (American Obesity Association). ... Obesity is a ravishing disorder that effects millions worldwide (American Obesity Association)....
Overweight and obesity are two different things. ... Obesity is the excess accumulation of body fat. A person can be overweight and not obese. ... Obesity is considered a serious disease and has been linked to shortened life expectancy. ... But there was a strong link between the weight of the adopted children and their biological parents, even though 90 percent of the children had been adopted before the age of 1. ...
Obesity 2 Did you know that over one-half of all Americans (about 97 million) are overweight or obese (Obesity, 2003).? Obesity is a condition of excess body fat. ... Many studies have found a genetic link to obesity, showing the pattern of deposition of fat (the way the fat builds up around the body) and the degree of being overweight can both be inherited (Causes, 2003). ... Sex hormones can also affect obesity. ... Obesity is also linked to higher rates of certain types of cancer. ...
Obesity is fast becoming an epidemic in North America, but the children have been affected the most. Obesity among youth in the United States has risen in the last decade to exceed twenty percent (7). Studies show (2) that obesity in children leads to obesity in adults with resulting complications. ... Also, obese adolescents often suffer from low self- image, (12), and psychiatric comorbidities, (5). Since obesity is directly linked to diseases such as coronary artery disease and type two diabetes mellitus, it is important that children begin exercising and eating healthy at an early age. ...
Several serious medical conditions have been linked to obesity, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke. Obesity is also linked to higher rates of certain types of cancer. Obese men are more likely than non-obese men to die from cancer of the colon, rectum, or prostate. Obese women are more likely than non-obese women to die from cancer of the gallbladder, breast, uterus, cervix, or ovaries. Other diseases and health problems linked to obesity include: gallbladder disease and gallstones, liver disease, reproductive problems with women, Gout, and many other dis...
The Obese American Today, an estimate one hundred twenty-seven million U.S. citizens or sixty-one percent of our population is obese. ... To be considered obese, one's BMI is between 30.0 - 39.9, severe obesity is a result from one's BMI to be 40.0 or higher. Many factors and contributions lead to obesity. ... Both seemed to show similar trends of obesity. ... It has been linked to osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. ...
Childhood Obesity A recent study conducted by the Richmond County Health Department found that four out of ten third-graders in Richmond County are either overweight or in danger of becoming overweight. ... The important question is what causes this new epicidemic of childhood obesity. Genetics has been found to amplify a child or adolescents likelihood of being overweight and obese. ... In a recent study by Schwimmer, et.al. (2003), obese children rated their quality of life with scores as low as those of young cancer patients on chemotherapy. ... The results indicated that that t...
