Drug-resistant bacterial infections pose a significant challenge to public health and sometimes can lead to fatal consequences. Malaria is frequently regarded as one of the world's deadliest tropical parasitic diseases. It claims more lives than any other communicable disease except tuberculosis.
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by protists (a type of microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. It is transmitted via infected female Anopheles mosquito bites, which introduces the protists through its saliva into the circulatory system. From there it makes its way through the body with the help of the blood and travels to the liver to mature and reproduce.1 In the recent years, most cases of malaria that have been found in the U.S. as well as in other first world countries, have been found in people that have contracted the disease after travelling to tropical and sub tropical areas, including Asia, South America and Sub-Saharan Africa. 2.
In 2010, the World Health Organisation estimated that there were about 219 million documented cases of malaria spread worldwide. That same year, it was reported that between 660,000 and 1.2 million people had died from this disease, of which the vast majority were children in Africa. Other groups that are constantly at risk include refuges, foreign travelers, pregnant women as well as laborers that enter the endemic areas.3 .
.
Fig1: Distribution of Malaria Around the World .
Malaria, however, is a curable disease if it is promptly diagnosed and is adequately treated. Vaccines for malaria are under development. However, there are no completely effective vaccines yet available. Though, there are several antimalarial medications that are available to prevent malaria for travelers that go to malaria-epidemic countries. In severe cases malaria used to only be treated with intravenous and intramuscular quinine.
Malaria may cause anemia and jaundice. ... Fever in the first week of travel in a malaria-risk area is unlikely to be malaria; however, any fever should be promptly evaluated. ... It is spread by the day-biting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. ... Prevention is the best prevention. ... It is spread much like HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. ...
The malaria situation in the GMS 7 2.1. ... These efforts have helped reduce malaria, but not stopped the spread of resistance. ... MPAC noted that the elimination of Pf in the Subregion would be in line with WHO's Global Technical Strategy for Malaria and concluded: "MPAC strongly recommends the goal of elimination of falciparum malaria in the GMS by 2030 to counter the threat of multidrug resistance and prevent its spread. ... Genetic studies indicate that chloroquine resistance spread from the Southeast Asian epicentre to the Indian subcontinent and later to Africa. About 20 y...
The word "malaria" was originated with the Italian words for "bad" and "air." ... Ross had laid a new foundation for science in the prevention and treatment of malaria and in 1902, he received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his life-saving discovery. ... Malaria: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were 216 million cases of malaria just in year 2010. ... We can say almost every 40 seconds, one child dies of malaria. ... Even now with the powerful vaccine against the virus which is spread by mosquitoes, 200,000 cases occur every year with 30,000 deaths in a mul...
The life cycle of malaria parasite is fairly complex (see diagram). ... This will affect the spread of parasites to new human hosts adversely. ... Some methods of prevention include the use of insecticides, insect repellents, mosquito mats and coils, and bed nets. ... Quinine has been used to prevent or cure malaria for over 300 years. ... Genome sequencing has identified immunity genes against the malaria parasites. ...
Disease Prevention and Control is another important function of the WHO. ... Malaria, as the single largest cause of death in the developing world, has also been targeted aggressively by the organisation. In 1955 the Global Malaria Eradication Scheme was launched and by 1969 all developed countries, along with large areas of Latin America and Asia were malaria free. ... The WHO is not, however, an agency solely concerned with the prevention and eradication of disease. ... On the 15th March 2003 the WHO issued emergency guidelines for travelers and airlines in an effort to slow the spread of SA...
The virus can me spread several different ways, including infected Mosquitoes, transfusions and transplants. ... It was first found in the US in 1999 and has since spread rapidly to most of the country(Starr 751). ... Generally, the virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. ... Infected mosquitoes can then spread the virus to humans and other animals when they bite them. ... For example, hospitalization, intravenous fluids, which is an IV, and nutrition, airway management, ventilator support if needed, prevention of secondary infections and proper nursing care. ...
Piot of UNAIDS, the infection is still rising in sub-Saharan Africa because what is being done for prevention is "fragmented" and "not enough." ... Many African countries awareness should be created about the condoms efficacy in preventing the spread of HIV. This in my view will allow people to make informed decision about the use of condoms as an HIV prevention method. ... Everyone thought it was malaria. ...
These plasmids travel freely from one bacterial species to another and spread resistance. ... Numerous studies have been done on prevention and regression of antibiotic resistance. ... After observing the various ways of acquiring and spreading resistance it is not difficult to understand that once curable infections such as gonorrhoea, tuberculosis, and malaria have become almost untreatable. ... But it is encouraging to find that cases of resistance can be dramatically reduced (from 10-80%), by using various methods of prevention. Scientists believe minimizing quantity, duration of therapy,...
Rich Mkhondo revealed that AIDS surpasses malaria and war as the biggest killer in Africa. ... One way Africans believes they can help prevent the spread of AIDS is through same day HIV testing. ... Same day testing in Africa seems to be an effective approach to prevent the spread of AIDS. ... The use of the female condom is another approach Africa is using to help prevent the spread of disease. ... According to U.N statistics, $165 million was spent on AIDS prevention in Africa in 1996, while estimates suggest that between $800 million and $2.5 billion a year is needed to mount effecti...
