Many factors determine and individual's body size, including how much they eat, their body frame, height and how much exercise they do. Phil used to be an active man, so his body was a healthy size, however, since his heart attack, he has been sedentary, and because he is eating foods high in energy and not burning this energy off, he is putting on weight. Phil is 20 kilograms overweight for his height of 180cm, so he should weigh 80 kilograms to remain in the healthy weight range. This would mean consuming 10,400-11,700 Kilojoules per day, as long as Phil begins to exercise at least 30 minutes each day to lose weight.
Activity level is the amount of physical activity or exercise a person does. After his heart attack, Phil has become sedentary. His only activity now is an occasional game of golf with friends; however, he uses a golf buggy to get around instead of walking from course to course. Having a low activity level means Phil should not be eating too many kilojoules or high energy foods, and it puts him at a higher risk of having another heart attack, also making him more susceptible to diseases such as cardiovascular disease.
A person's health status may lead them to consume more of certain types of food and less of others. Phil is 20 kilograms overweight, has high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. He cannot eat certain types of food such as lasagna because dairy products cannot be served with meat and is obviously not meeting his nutritional requirements especially with his low fiber diet and excessive consumption of Coca-Cola. His doctor has placed him on a low kilojoule diet with specifications as to how much cholesterol and fat can be consumed each day. .
Personal perceptions have a major impact on food selection. People select or reject food based on its physical appearance, presentation, smell, texture and based on past, personal experiences.