343). "Exchange theory points out that it is necessary to have some basic standard of security and satiation when applying the key concepts of exchange theory." (Canda et al., 1998, p. 343).
Contrast and Comparison Between Exchange Theory and Systems Theory.
Systems theory and exchange theory seem to have more similarities than differences. The study of exchange theory has somewhat evolved from the conception of systems theory. Both theories pose an interest in the interaction between people and society as a whole. It appears that systems theory has a broader scope of application pertaining to the various levels of social systems. .
The systems theory provides four different perspectives of the cause and effect relationships of human interactions, which involve the following: (1.) structural functionalism, (2.) ecological perspective, (3.) dynamic systems theory, and (4.) deep ecology. Exchange theory may have a way of breaking down each of those four perspectives to illustrate the rewards and punishments of social transactions. For example, from a structural functionalist point of view, poor people appear to serve a purpose in America. With that in mind, underlies the idea that people living in poverty are more likely to have "degrading and low paying jobs" (the cost/punishment) which may allow the rich to stay rich and the poor remain poor (the reward/benefit). A second example can be from the ecological approach, which examines how well people fit within their social and instinctive environments. If a person's needs are being met biologically, physically, culturally, socially, and emotionally, then it is safe to say that there is a positive exchange between individuals and their social systems (this can be quite rewarding). On the other hand, if a person is living in an environment where their primary needs are not being met (food, shelter, and clothing etc), then that would be considered an uneven exchange, in which punishment out weighs rewards.
