The humanitarian regime would be at the heart of such a set of rules because of the legitimacy that derives from the assumption of human equality" (Kaldor 396). A humanitarian state is one based on equality and respect for each other simply because we are all human beings.
Reciprocity is the bridge between selfishness and altruism. The paralleling messages spoken by Guinier and de Waal about reciprocity will lead to a solution of humanitarian law, desired by Kaldor. De Waal illustrates a grooming session among chimpanzees: "I found that if chimpanzee A had groomed B in the morning, A's chances of getting food from B in the afternoon were greatly improved" (de Waal 648). Guinier expresses her opinions on equality for voters by stating, "You cooperate when you lose in part because members of the current majority will cooperate when you win and they lose" (Guinier 343). Both statements exhibit selfishness by de Waal's definition of having the "knowledge of what one stands to gain" (de Waal 650): you only act altruistically because you know it is to your benefit. From acting altruistically, we will maintain Kaldor's theories of humanitarianism. She says," The most hopeful approach to the contemporary problem of controlling war, nowadays, is.through the extension and application of international humanitarian law" (Kaldor 395). .
Kaldor's humanitarian law and Guinier's vision of fairness can be achieved through application of de Waal's theory on morals. Guinier describes the importance of overall fairness by saying "A vision of fairness and justice must begin to imagine a full and effective voice for disadvantaged minorities, a voice that is accountable to self-identified community interests, a voice that persuades, and a voice that is included in and resonates throughout the political process" (Guinier 349). De Waal describes the universality of morals when he says, "Moral emotions.
