It is a unanimous agreement amongst more than most scholars that China and the Chinese civilization was the most advanced and powerful civilization during pre-modern times. Therefore it comes as a surprise to many who study China's history, that despite having a major lead over other "competing" civilizations; China was not the one who started industrialization. Why this is not the case has been an intriguing question that has, over the years, plagued many scholars who have been unable to find, and may never be able to find a clear and definite answer. Nevertheless, there has not been anything to stop valiant attempts to crack the question that is now commonly referred to as Needham's Puzzle. Such high curiosity in the Puzzle has spawned quite a number of feasible theories and explanations as of to why China did not start industrialization. Some of the these theories include the "High-Level Equilibrium Trap" by Mark Elvin who focused on unfavorable man-to-land ratio, and also others who focused more on geographic, governmental, economic, agricultural, and/or other reasons. .
The main theory or reason that I tend to consider myself attached to or associated with is that of the "modified" hypothesis presented by Justin Yifu Lin in his article titled "The Needham Puzzle: Why the Industrial Revolution Did Not Originate in China". Lin's argument basically consists of three parts. The first part supports why China was "probably the most cosmopolitan, technologically advanced and economically powerful civilization in the world [by the fourteenth century]" (Lin, 270). He explains that economic and industrial growth is dependent on technological innovation which is in turn dependent on experimental science. Thus the return rate of technological innovation in this "trial and error" type approach in science depended on the size of the population. Lin claims that as China had larger population size than that of Europe's in pre-modern eras, it made sense that technological innovation in China was accelerated in comparison (helped Chinese civilization to become more powerful and influential).
According to Shawn and Janet Needham, pharmacists in Moses Lake, there is a smoking alternative that is tasty at the same time. ... The Needhams turn medicines into formulas. Needhams have been working on this project for a while, and done a lot of "compounding." ... The Needhams are working with a doctor on a protocol for the Washington Board of Pharmacy to get the on the market as soon as possible. ...
Dan Needham "How many times have I prayed to god that he was my real father"(40). "Dan Needham, who was gawky with curly carrot colored hair and who wore eyeglasses that were too small"(46) Father figure to Johnny Mentor Armadillo "missing from the armadillo were the little animal's front claws"(85). ...
"Why a Graduate Degree" Abstract Different people have different reasons for going through the sometimes grueling process of achieving a "Graduate Degree." It boils down in some cases the cost-benefit-analysis or just simply the pride of knowing you have a graduate degree. My reasons for purs...
(Needham, Joseph) The names of the different classes are letters in the Greek alphabet, ranging from Alpha Plus being the best rank, to Epsilon Minus being the worst. ... (Needham, Joseph) 1984 was written as a warning against the results of having a totalitarian state or a state where the government has full control over the people, over the actions, and how you do it; there is no individuality. ... (Needham, Joseph) There are only three characters in the Brave New World that do no like their lifestyle. ...
He lives in Needham, Massachusetts.1 Hirsch decided to write this book because his agent called him one day and told him that Rubin "hurricane" Carter might be willing to work with an author about his life.2 After calling Carter several times Hirsch told him that his story about his life has not been told yet and he would like to do it.3 He had interests in race, sports, and pop culture.4 This is a non fictional novel that is still controversial today. ...
The second article was named, "The Needham Puzzle: Why the Industrial Revolution Did Not Originate in China." ... In order to understand the Needham Puzzle, the supply side of technology needs to be addressed. ... A central idea in explaining the Needham puzzle was that China's population was a main factor in experience based technological invention, but as Europe was able to make the shift through the scientific revolution, China lagged behind. ...
Critical Thinking and Decision Making This purpose of this paper is to define critical thinking and decision making in my own words as well as the academic definitions provided in the textbook Critical thinking: Strategies in decision making. I will be discussing how critical thinking and decision...
Critical Thinking & Decision Making What is the definition of critical thinking? Through everything I have read, there does not seem to be a specific definition of critical thinking. It is more of a combination of different things. What I can gather is that the definition of critical thinking i...
