R Tolkein's fantasy world of Middle Earth, the setting for his The Lord of the Rings epic tale, seems to be much more than mere fantasy. Its roots run deep in actual history, and upon examination, the paralleling lines become clearer. Much of the historical basis for this tale dates back hundreds of years, specifically the roots of Middle Earth's languages. Although, many events of this fantasy realm may have come from more recent twentieth-century history. This theory is still unsolved, and Tolkein himself has often denied the case.
It is still debated whether the Great War of the Ring, and many other events of Middle Earth, was inspired by actual events that occurred in Tolkein's life. Tolkein himself, within the Lord of the Rings foreword, discounts these events as having direct correlation to events that happened in reality. However, some of Tolkein's personal letters seem to contradict his very own discounting of the parallelism.
Tolkein, a second lieutenant in the 11th Lancashire Fusiliers during World War I, took part in the Battle of Somme. He was also present for at least one of the disastrous stormings of the Schwaben Redoubt, a German fortification. Eventually he fell ill with severe trench fever at the end of October 1916. While in the hospital he started writing The Book of Lost Tales that eventually became The Silmarillon, the basis for most of the Lord of the Rings series' content (van Vliet). Tolkein's experiences during the Great War, and the happenings throughout his life, seem to appear in the history of Middle Earth.
Tolkein was also a lover of languages. As an academic philologist, Tolkein held the Chair of English Language and Medieval Literature at Leeds and had worked for, and contributed to, the Oxford English Dictionary, a collective project more than a century old. Specifically, Tolkein's linguistic interests were in Old and Middle English, and closely related languages such as Old Norse, Welsh and Finnish.