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Guns, Germs, And Steel


The modern world (the end result) can be seen as the surface of the onion while factors leading up to the effect are the deeper layers. As we peel away each layer of history, we being to understand that human world history is a tremendously complex subject with many interrelated causes and effects. While the complexity presents a formidable challenge towards a complete and total understanding of our history any time in the near future, the peeling of the layers is a fascinating learning process that enriches our outlook of the modern world and predictions for the future.
             A most fundamental factor in shaping human history for the past ten thousand years was the differences in the availability of wilds plants and animal species that were suitable for domestication. These differences are important because they directly influenced the rise of food production. Most wild animal and plant species have turned out to be not suitable for domestication. On entire continents, perhaps only a few specifies passed the test. In certain areas, the availability of suitable wild plants and animals were low and thus made the transition from a hunter-gather society to a farming-based one relatively more difficult compared to an area rich with suitable wild plants animals.
             The transformation of a society of nomadic hunters and gathers to stable farmers is one of the most important events in human history. As hunters and gathers, a society must constantly move from area to area in search of food. As a result, living standards remain at the subsistence level and political organization is primitive. Factors that influenced the transformation to a farming society include the decline in the availability of wild foods, the increased availability of domesticable wild plants, and the development of farming technologies (i.e. technologies used for the collection, processing, and storage of wild foods). When a human society switched to farming, a more sedentary life was at hand.


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