Socrates invites Glaucon and Adeimantus on a search within his perfect society to find where the virtues of wisdom, courage, self discipline, and morality become evident. Morality, Socrates points out, allows wisdom, courage, and self discipline to exist. Wisdom, in Socrates" opinion, is the most visible of the virtues and shall be the first one the group explores. The city as a whole is obviously resourceful (it exists and thrives on the land) and to be considered resourceful, one must have knowledge of its resources. However, Socrates reminds Glaucon that just because a carpenter has a knowledge of carpentry it does not make him wise, but does make him good at carpentry. Since the majority of the people in the community specialize in one task like carpentry, Socrates convinces Glaucon that the people who specialize in thinking resourcefully about the whole community, not just one task, possess all of the wisdom for the entire community. Those who think resourcefully (and are resourceful/knowledgeable by nature) about the community's affairs, such as domestic and foreign relations, are obviously the rulers, or guardians. The next virtue most obvious to Socrates is courage. Socrates describes courage as having the ability to retain, under circumstances of pain, pleasure, or desire/aversion, a lawful notion about what is to be feared and what is not to be feared. Naturally, those who are most likely to come in contact with and are educated extensively about different types of fears are the auxiliaries (the military). Also, if the auxiliary has fear of something then the entire community is effected in some way (for example, if the community's militia is fearful of an invading tribe then the community has no defense and is put at risk for invasion). Although courage and wisdom are mostly found within two specific groups, self discipline, the next virtue, is observed mostly in women, slaves, and children (the majority of people in the community).
