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Ethics in Science


This deactivated virus will slip into a cell and take over its DNA and force it to produce more viruses. The virus can therefore enter the specific cell and deliver the healthy gene. With the Human Genome Project, we have a map of all the genes that make up a human body and with the research of different groups we know how some genes cause disease. The thought of gene therapy seems somewhat simple, but there are risks that come with this new field of biotechnology.
             Gene therapy is a relatively new procedure and many of the risks are unknown. Currently viruses and other agents have been the most effective way to deliver healthy genes, but can also affect the cells detrimentally (4). Another risk is that when a gene is added to DNA, it could be incorrectly placed, which could have potential to do more harm than good perhaps resulting in cancer or other damage (4). Genes also can be "over expressed," meaning that the protein they were supposed to produce is produced in excessive amounts that can prove to be harmful or even fatal (4). The only real way to find out how these techniques of gene therapy will work is through extensive testing and experimentation.
             Trials have been done extensively on animals, but rarely on humans. Human testing is a last resort for those in dire need of medical assistance and all other medication and medical procedures have failed. Currently clinical trials have been halted by the food and drug administration because the risks of gene therapy are still unclear and deaths in some studies. In a recent trial a three year-old infant was being treated for a disease, x-Severe Combined Immunodeficiency syndrome (x-SCID), which leaves a person without an immune system (1). The therapy involved taking a sample of bone marrow cells and infecting them with a retrovirus modified to carry the correct gene. In this case the gene was "over expressed" and produced too many white blood cells.


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