Bob Taylor, who was a young man worked at the Pentagon from 1965 till 1969 as the director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO). He had his office one floor lower than his boss" office Charles Herzfeld, who was the head of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). Taylor had his suite, besides his office, with three different computers as the terminal room. Each computer was linked to a different site, to MIT in Cambridge, UC Berkley and Santa Monica, CA. The fact of having three computers in his office reflects the importance of the IPTO. .
President Dwight Eisenhower was the former of the ARPA, which was supposed to be a fast response linked directly to the President and Secretary of Defense for security reasons (pg 14). Neil McElroy was the President new nominee for Secretary of Defense and was in charge of the military installations (1957). Fear and pessimism overwhelmed the President and the Americans after the Russians launched a satellite in to the earth's orbit. (pg 15). President Eisenhower remarkably loved scientists; he had many of them in his team, including James R. Killian, President of MIT. After his plans and strategies, McElroy created a large "blue-sky" research laboratory. Also, the creation of the Advanced Research Project Agency was a response to the demand of the President's Advisors. In 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was added to ARPA.
The bonds between military and computers started getting stronger. Computers at that time were limited to calculating numbers only (very long ones). In 1952, International Business Machine (IBM) started making large electronic computers. Ken Olsen, an engineer who left MIT, in late 1950's, discovered the concept of "time-sharing" and "batch processing". In 1952, The Lincoln laboratory had a project at MIT leaded to another project called the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE).
