The Indo-European proto-language was spoken south of the Caucasian mountains in the Aras river valley extending to the Black and Caspian Seas and north of the Black sea in the area between the Danube and Volga Rivers by a collection of semi-nomadic clans and rural tribes which more or less were hunters and gatherers around 6000 - 4000 B.C.E. Scholars have determined the location based on an extensive reconstructed vocabulary of Proto Indo-European language, and the habitat it describes. Therefore Proto- Indo European is an artificial reconstructed language (PIE), which was constructed out of fossil words. .
The break up of the early Indo- European society started around 4000 B.C.E. because of migration accompanied with specialization. The most significant form of specialization was from the nomadic, hunting lifestyle into herders and farmers. Also a major part of the break up were sound- shifts that occurred when certain groups migrated into various areas and were forced to deal with a different climate and landscape. Looking at the geography of were the Indo- European languages are spoken today it is clear that there were two groups a western group and an eastern group. These divisions of P.I.E are referred to as Centum and Satem. The sound-shift that happened was the velar sound K in Centum shifted to sibilant S in Satem. Centum is Latin for one hundred whereas Satem is the Sanskrit version for one hundred. .
The so called eastern group (Satem Branch) probably migrated around the eastern slopes of the Caucasian Mountains toward the north. Migrates to the north were Slavic people, who probably are the descendants of herders and farmers, who stayed in the general area of the Indo- European homeland and late spread out to today's Slavic regions of Europe. Other parts of this eastern group migrated around the southern tip of the Caspian Sea the Aryans of Iran, Persia and India and the Balts migrated to the Danzig river delta around 2000 B.
Indo-European languages There are 37.000 languages in the world but not all of them had been investigated. The most investigated family of languages is Indo-European. ... This language had spread in Asia, south Europe, Iran and India one million years ago. Some Indo-European languages developed and separated from its stem. ... Indo-European languages consist of eleven branches. ...
(www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/youth/history/thestoryofmankind/chap12.html) However, the Indo-Europeans spoke a different language. ... The Indo-European language can best be divided into six major subgroups, which consist of: Indo-Iranian, Greek, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic and Celtic families. The evolution of such similar vocabulary and grammar within the Indo-European language derives from the posterity of ancestors with common languages from the move from their primitive land. ... The many different languages of Indo-Europeans are the common ground for the languages we use tod...
Some Facts about the English Language Introduction English is a member of the Indo-European family of languages. This broad family includes most of the European languages spoken today. The Indo-European family includes several major branches: • Latin and the modern Romance languages • The Germanic languages • The Indo-Iranian languages, including Hindi and Sanskrit • The Slavic languages • The Baltic languages of Latvian and Lithuanian (but not Estonian) • The Celtic languages • Greek The influence of the original Indo-European langua...
Language Families Altaic group, one other language family covering anything like the same area, includes Turkish and the Yakut of northern Siberia. ... In the Middle East the principal language family is the Semitic. ... This includes the Chinese language family. ... It is the world's second largest language family in number of speakers, surpassed only by the Indo-European language family, which includes English and most European languages. ... The Dravidian language family was in India before the invasion of Indo-Europeans and many Dravidian languages are still spoken in south India. ...
Grimm's Law describes the change that occurred in the phonological system of the Indo-European language during its transition towards the Germanic dialect; this is the main characteristic of Germanic Language family so it defines the languages that belong to this family. ... Thus, if the stressed syllable contained a back vowelu, o, a/ this would suffer a process of fronting, while if the stressed syllable contained a front vowel it would assimilate its height. u→y; o→e; a→ӕ; ӕ→e; e→i In Germanic, many nouns used the suffix -iz to form the plural, this originated many vocalic ...
(Cuddon p.281) English is a member of the Indo-European family of languages. This broad family includes most of the European languages spoken today. The Indo-European family includes several major branches; Latin and the modern Romance languages, the Germanic languages, the Indo-Iranian languages (including Hindi and Sanskrit) the Slavic languages, the Baltic languages of Latvian and Lithuanian (but not Estonian, the Celtic languages, and Greek). (Literature: The British Edition p.8) Of these above-mentioned branches of the Indo-European family, two are of vital importance in the developme...
Eastern Europe is a unique region in terms of language. ... To start with the comparison of Russian with the other languages of the Slavic family it might be interesting to list one fact that I have learned from a native Russian. ... Russian was greatly influenced by a large number of European and Asian languages through the course of its history. ... It is the gift of Turk language family. ... Old Slavic language, in turn, was the descendant of ancient Proto-Slavic language, which is considered the ancestor of all Slavic and Baltic languages, descending from Proto-Indo-European itself. ...
English is a Germanic language and it comes from the Indo European family. This language started in the fifth century AD. ... For example the French and the German language are two of the languages that make English a foreign language. ... Other three hundred million people use it as their second language and one hundred million people use it as a foreign language. ... It is the official language in about 45 countries and many other countr4ies that have no official language also speak English. ...
Language is created by people. ... A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family. The Indo-European family is the most widely spoken and includes English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, and Hindi; the Sino-Tibetan family, which includes Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, and many others; the Afro-Asiatic family, which includes Arabic, Amharic, Somali, and Hebrew; the Bantu languages, which include Swahili, Zulu, Shona, and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout Africa; and the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which include Indonesian, ...
