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Urban Problems


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             However, the municipal level of government is not inculpable. The indifference and intransigence of municipal politicians in dealing with the issues are also part of the problem. James (2002) notes that three members of Toronto city council voted against a proposed by-law to open emergency shelters everywhere across the city because they wanted no part of the homeless problem in their wards. The former mayor, Mel Lastman, flatly refused "eleven times "to meet with the Toronto Disaster Relief Committee on homelessness (Crowe, 2000). Not surprisingly, these politicians represent the perspective of more than just a few well-to-do residents. One of these residents cheered the defeat of the emergency shelter by-law because it did not take into consideration "the residents and the businesses and the real estate issues ad the safety issues and the policing issues and everything that's involved in emergency shelters- (reported in Lakey, 2002). .
             Any sustainable solution to homelessness must begin by addressing the long-term underlying causes. The truth is that Toronto is an expensive city in which to live. Changes in rental policy by the provincial government have helped to drive rents up. At the same time, changes at the federal level have helped to reduce the number of new rental constructions (Wong, 2002). In short, the number of affordable housing units in Toronto is decreasing. Combined with the increase in poverty in the city, this means that the poor are at increasing risk of homelessness. .
             Transit problems in Toronto impact in many ways on the health and wellbeing of the city, but funds and programs addressing the issue are wanting. Hall (2001) notes that "major American cities spend at least 40 per cent more per capita on transit building than their Canadian counterparts and offer their citizens incentives to use the systems."" The consequences of failure to provide adequate public transit are increased use of automobiles and grid lock.


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