From the very beginnings of the crisis in Haiti, we can see the various policies adapted by the three different presidents who held office in the U.S. Through the Reagan, Bush, and finally Clinton administrations, there is an evolution of policy from that of silence, to a gradual increase of concern, and ultimately an objective of restoring democracy in Haiti. However, the one thing that remained constant throughout each administration was the U.S. policy and practice of interdiction and repatriation of Haitian refugees. This policy was indeed successful in curtailing the influx of Haitians into the U.S. (Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Haiti, 1994). The theory of normative liberalism can be seen as an explanation for the U.S. policy in dealing with the Haitian refugees. The theory assumes that democratic societies have certain democratic norms translate into international non-violence. However, any state that violates these norms will be subject to punishment. The essential norm that identifies liberalism is the right to individual freedoms, which above all is the idea of moral freedom. Liberalism calls for freedom from subjective authority or "negative freedoms", and the right to democratic participation or representation (Art and Jervis, "Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs", 1996). Domestic norms affect international relations because leaders become socialized to them and will therefore act internationally according to them. The manner in which the U.S. essentially chose to handle the crisis in Haiti including the expectations of the Haitian government that it set forth exemplify this concept of promoting the nation's domestic norms on an international level. According to the theory, the actors are foreign policy leaders. These foreign policy leaders consist of mainly the President, but his administration, including the State Dept. and ambassadors, are also key players.