Besides that, another two project's characteristics are stated, which are within budget and specification.
Tan (1996) had defined the meaning of project which including the five characteristics mentioned above. Following are two explanations that Tan gave for "what is a project", which are:.
(a) A project has been defined as a series of tasks or activities that has specific objectives to be completed within certain specifications. It has specific start and end dates, funding limits and which require inputs from various resources.".
(b) A project is the process of ensuring that set and stipulated project objectives such as performance, timely completion and containment of costs within budget are clearly set out from beginning, monitored and managed through the project duration.".
After discuss four definitions of project, it could be summarized that a project is a temporary endeavor consists of a series of sequence, complex and unique activities involved limited resources (money, people, equipment) and has a specific objective or purpose to achieve within pre-determined time, budget and specification.
2.3 CHARACTERISTIC OF PROJECT.
A project has its characteristics that differ it from a program. Programs are larger in scope and comprise multiple projects (Wysocki , 1995). The followings are five common characteristics of a project.
2.3.1 Activities.
A project comprises a number of activities that must be completed in some specified order. These activities are arranged before the commencement of project and based on the best technical or practice requirements.
This is because output of one activity will become the input of another or following activity. It could be said that every activity is connected and no activity is exists independently. For example, the piling works will start only when the site clearance and earthwork are completed.
In construction industry, every project is unique and never happened before and will never happen again under the same conditions (Wysocki, 1995).