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Religion & Society

 

Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect aspects of life and society. Religious cultures generally ascribe spiritual significance to all parts of their worlds. In many traditional cultures the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life. Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture. This is especially obvious in rites of passage. .
             Through ritual, each major change in life is incorporated into the domain of the sacred. Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, meditative techniques, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments. For example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the Christian churches usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole of public and private life. For example, birth rites might involve bestowing the blessings of the god on the child or giving the child a special religious name. Rites of entry into adulthood also connect the individual to the sacred tradition of the culture. For example, in Buddhist Thailand, young men become sons of Buddha through a ceremony in which they reenact key parts of the historical Buddha's search for enlightenment (see Theravada Buddhism).


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