A whole range of nucleotides exist within a cell. A nucleotide molecule contains a phosphate group, a pentose sugar group and an organic base group.
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Pentose Sugars.
Nucleotides contain one of two alternative sugar components. They fall into two groups, those that contain a ribose (C5H10O5) sugar group and those that contain a deoxyribose (C5H10O4) sugar group. The base component of the nucleotide is connected to carbon 1 of the sugar and the phosphate group of the nucleotide is joined to carbon 5 of the sugar (shown in the diagram above). There is a small difference in the structure between a ribose molecule and a deoxyribose molecule; the deoxyribose has one less oxygen on carbon 2. This very small difference has far reaching consequences in the cell: ribonucleotides (nucleotides containing a ribose residue) form RNA and deoxyribonucleotides (nucleotides containing a deoxyribose residue) form DNA.
The structure of pentose sugars in both the linear and ring forms.
Inorganic Phosphate.
Nucleotides contain one, two or three phosphate groups. Phosphate is an inorganic ion carrying three negative charges. One, two or three phosphates can be joined to the sugar molecule through the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 shown in the diagram on page 1. The mono phosphate form of the nucleotide has two negative charges, the diphosphate has three and the triphosphate form has four. It is the mono phosphate form found in nucleic acids.
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Organic Bases.
Nucleotides contain one of five alternative base components. The five organic bases found in nucleotides are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil, which are usually abbreviated to A, G, C, T and U.
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Adenine and guanine are purines, which means that they have a double ring structure, while cytosine, thymine and uracil are pyrimadines, which means that they have a single ring structure. The base is connected to carbon 1 of the sugar shown in the diagram on page one.
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DNA is a big step for science. Yet many people don't know the purpose of DNA and what it really can do, but DNA is actually a big thing. ... DNA also contains much more personal information than a fingerprint. ... They could also destroy years of investigation by destroying the DNA-files. ... A DNA profile is a string of numbers stored on a computer. ...
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The Drawback of DNA Evidence Outline I. Introduction a. Definition of Evidence b. Three Ways to Solve a Crime c. Thesis II. A Mistaken DNA Identification? What Does It Mean? a. The Odds of Having Similar DNA b. Outcome of the Case III. Other Point of Views from Experts a. Views fro...
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