Hydrocarbons, compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen, can be classified into several types, depending on their structure. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are divided into three classes: alkanes have only single bonds, and are said to be saturated; alkenes and alkynes have carbon-carbon double or triple bonds, and are said to be unsaturated. Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic compounds whose structure is related to that of benzene, with six -electrons in a six-membered ring. .
But what are alkanes? Alkanes are the simplest homologous series. They form a series of compounds with the general formula CnH2n+2. They have single carbon-carbon bonds, as mentioned earlier. They are extensively used in making crude oil and are considered good fuels because they burn completely to give carbon dioxide and water. It can also be a source of carbon monoxide in cases when it undergoes incomplete combustion. Another thing is that it can undergo thermal composition to give an alkene and a smaller alkane. Alkanes are known to have low boiling point compared to the other hydrocarbons because of their small surface area. This fuctional group when reacted with other substnces changes its color with the pattern, colorless to pale yellow to brown, which means that as time goes by, its color change tends to be deeper. These hydrocarbons are known to have increasing viscosity as temperature is increased. And finally, they become less volatile and mence more difficult to ignite also at higher temperatures. .
Then Alkenes Alkenes are also hydrocarbons because of their carbon and hydrogen content. They form a series of compounds with the general formula CnH2n. They have the same product compared to alkane when undrrgoes combustion. It also undergoes addition reactions with hydrogen (hydrogenation) to form an alkane. Furthermore, they undergo addition reactions with bromine and themselves. .
Finally Alkyne Alkyne is a group of aliphatic hydrocarbons whose molecules contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
INTRODUCTION Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) are one of the major examples of hydrocarbons. ... Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds. ... Do the same steps for the following hydrocarbons that need to be tested. ... Do the same with the other hydrocarbons. ...
Acyclic Straight Chain Hydrocarbons These hydrocarbons consist of chains of carbon atoms with hydrogens or other atoms substituted in place of the hydrogens attached to the outsides and ends of the chains. ... So three different groups of acyclic hydrocarbons exist: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. ... Branched Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons can also be formed by attaching hydrocarbon groups onto a hydrocarbon chain. These are called branched hydrocarbons. ... Cyclic Hydrocarbons These are hydrocarbons where the carbon chains form rings. ...
Butane is in the chemical family of hydrocarbons and aliphatic. ... Butane, either of two saturated hydrocarbons, or alkanes, with the chemical formula C4H10 liquefies under pressure at ordinary temperatures. ... Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds, composed of only carbon and hydrogen. Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons in which each carbon atom in the molecule forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms. Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds are alkanes. ...
Crude oil contains countless types of different hydrocarbons all mixed together. The hydrocarbons must be separated to produce anything of use. ... Cracking involves breaking large hydrocarbons into smaller pieces. ... Many of the products used in a refinery produce hydrocarbon vapours. ... The recovered hydrocarbon is reprocessed through the distillation units. ...
One main concern is the hydrocarbons that engines produce. ... Hydrocarbons are released when fuel in the engine burns partially. ... Hydrocarbons aren't the only pollutants released through car exhaust. ... Another type of hydrocarbon pollutant occurs through fuel evaporation. These hydrocarbon pollutants are produced four different ways. ...
That is thirty one thousand calories and a little over fifteen and half days worth of food--in other words, one gallon of aliphatic hydrocarbon, more commonly known as gasoline. ... Still far from perfect, the process of controlled explosion produces various harmful emissions "most notably Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, and Nitrogen Oxides. Hydrocarbons, which are toxic and carcinogenic, escape into the air during refueling and running a car engine and cause eye irritation, congestion, wheezing, shortness of breath, permanent lung damage, and acid rain. ... The second stage of the catalyt...
Produced Water Treatment - Future Technology Polymer modified bentonite or organoclay, ET Ventures - ET #1, made by binding amine polymer with bentonite clay, this converts the clay to an oil-wet, hydrocarbon adsorbent material. Able to adsorb 88% of its own weight in hydrocarbons and 100% by volume. Combined with granular activated carbon treatment gives non-detectable levels of pet. hc's ,oil and grease, and soluble hydrocarbons (EPA methods 418.1 ,413.2 & 8020 respectivley). ... Spent ET #1 has shown to adsorb volatile hydrocarbons tighly enough to pass the EPA's TCLP test. ......
Produced Water Treatment - Future Technologie Polymer modified bentonite or organoclay, ET Ventures - ET #1, made by binding amine polymer with bentonite clay, this converts the clay to an oil-wet, hydrocarbon adsorbent material. Able to adsorb 88% of its own weight in hydrocarbons and 100% by volume. Combined with granular activated carbon treatment gives non-detectable levels of pet. hc's ,oil and grease, and soluble hydrocarbons (EPA methods 418.1 ,413.2 & 8020 respectivley). ... Spent ET #1 has shown to adsorb volatile hydrocarbons tighly enough to pass the EPA's TCLP test. .....