Music is something that most people use to party or relax to. However, as soothing as music may be, it is only the result of something related to physics and math.
The two basic things from what music is made are time and sound. Sound is only caused by a vibrating object. Things such as strings could be a source of the sound that most musicians will produce. This vibrating object sends sound waves to the ear. Sound waves are sent as compressions and rarefactions of atmospheric molecules. .
Pitch is how high or low something sounds. The faster a sound wave vibrates (or the higher the frequency), the higher the pitch. The frequency can be expressed in Hertz. A standard note for most musicians to tune to is A=440, which means that the note A, above middle C, is has a frequency of exactly 440 HZ. .
An octave is music means that two notes sound almost the same but one is higher. The lower note is exactly half the frequency of the higher one.
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Although the physics book shows that sound waves do not have amplitude, my music theory book illustrates that they do. The amplitude of a sound wave can express the intensity of a sound. In other words, how loud or soft something sounds. .
As far as time in music goes, well it's all mathematics. Almost all written music has a time signature at the beginning. This lets the reader know how many beats there are in a measure and which note gets the value. All notes are fractions divisible by 4. To know how to read music, a musician must know what fraction each note represents. .
Getting farther along, the time will become rhythm. The rhythm is only the patterns used with the property of sound referred to as duration of pitch.
The sound waves and the time, together can produce rhythm and music that we all enjoy to listen to. When you break it down, it's just one big math lesson.