Pacemaker's battery will be recharged by some external energy through the wire that expands from the battery to the skin button. This wire should be conductive, have strength for a long time, have flexibility to ensure patients comfort, and should be visual under radioscopy in order to monitor its condition over time. Also should be not toxic to the body.
Usually materials that have good conductivity typically lack good strength characteristics. There are some materials with radiopacity, but are usually lacking in the ability to withstand mechanical fatigue. In order to overcome these problems, we are designing a wire with three different material compositions that each will fulfill our ideal wire characteristics. After making a wire we will coat it with polyurethane to prevent toxic leakage from the wire to the body.
According to figure bellow our wire is consist of an outer sheath of MP35N which provides substantial strength and fatigue performance. The central layer represents high purity Platinum, thus providing excellent visualization under radioscopy. For increased conductivity, a silver core has been used. With this design we offer strength, conductivity, and flexibility. We can conclude this by performing strength test, fatigue test, and since we are connecting three different materials, we need to test the corrosion to see the effect them on each other.
.
After completion of our tests on the wire and the materials we will cover it with polyurethane to shield the body from the possible infection and toxicity. Polyurethane is known for its biocompatibility and strength and been used in artificial heart manufacturing. Cardiac control system is using this polymer for their pacemakers lead and reported that has 97% survival rate. .
Before coating our wire, first we need to apply pretreatment surface that includes surface cleaning and removing contaminants. Then we need to reduce the shear stress on the polyurethane by the wire material.
The muscles in the heart contract and pump blood because a small electric current activates them, which starts in the sinus node, also called the pacemaker. ... An Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test where electrodes (patches with wires) are attached to your skin to measure the electrical impulses given off by your heart. ...
Here is a short list of breakthroughs that were brought about through animal research: Antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections; Vaccines for smallpox, tetanus, diphtheria, polio, measles, hepatitis B and chicken pox, gene therapy, Insulin to control diabetes; Chemotherapy for cancer patients; Pacemaker implants to treat cardiac patients; Discovery of the HIV virus and development of drugs to control the progression of AIDS; Organ transplantation techniques. ... Modern production practices dictate that the vast majority of meat, eggs, and dairy products sold in ma...
They consist of many coils or wires wrapped around a cylinder that create an electric current that is passed through. ... It is made up of windings of wire where a current of electricity is passed and a magnetic field is created. The major difference between the two is that the wire is continually bathed in liquid helium at 452.4 degrees below zero. ... One of the negatives is that there are many people who cannot have MRI exams done because they are too big, they have pacemakers, and also if a person is pregnant they cannot be tested. ...
Biophysics 10-28-2002 The Evelotution of Capsules The Given Image Ltd., is an Israel-based diagnostic company that has developed a tool for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract (GI) disorders called the Given Imaging Diagnostic System. The company is planning to improve this technology so tha...
Though not all of the bands sounded similar - they ranged from the hard rock of The Rolling Stones and The Kinks to the sweet pop of Gerry and the Pacemakers and Herman's Hermits - each group was heavily influenced by American rock & roll, blues, and R&B. ... Themes of heartbreak, loss, and misery dominate the lyrics, and the music itself is resolutely downbeat - the acoustic guitars that once defined '70s-era singer/songwriters certainly resurface here, but much of the music is far more dissonant and intense, conjuring much darker atmospheres and textures.A subgenre of alternative/i...