(Adams .D 1988).
Bias of the policy environment against the Non-Farm Rural Sector. In most developing countries, the generally small-scale non-farm sector in rural areas faces a general policy environment that is biased against it. Some policies distort the relative costs of capital, such as subsidized credit and Interest rate ceilings, and others distort labor costs, such as minimum wage legislation, mandated benefits, and labor legislation.
Peter Lanjouw and Gershon Feder (2001).
Slow growth -Here is some statistics based on National Sample Survey five yearly surveys on employment and unemployment to examine the trends in Rural Non-Farm Employment. The percentage of Rural Non-Farm Employment in total rural employment increased from 16.6 per cent in 1977-78 to 18.4 percent in 1983, to 21.6 per cent in 1993-94 and to 23.8 per cent in 1999-2000. If we look at the yearly increase in the percentage share of Rural Non-Farm Employment in total employment it was 0.35 per cent per annum during the reform period (93-94 to 99-00), which is more or less similar to earlier periods. The number of workers in Rural Non-Farm Employment increased from 36.1 millions in 1977-78 to 44.9 millions in 1983 to 62.98 millions in 1993-94 to 71.52 millions in 1999-2000. The growth rate (compound) in Rural Non-Farm Employment during 1977-83 was 4.06 per cent per annum while it was 3.28 per cent per annum and 2.14 per cent per annum during 1983-94 and 1993-2000 respectively. In other words, during the reform period ('93-94 to '99-00) the growth rate of employment in Rural Non-Farm Employment was lower than the pre-reform period. This is a matter of concern. Thus we can conclude that as in the overall growth rate, the growth rate of workers in Rural Non-Farm Employment declined during the reform period. There is, however, not much change if we look at the annual increase in the share of Rural Non-Farm Employment in total rural employment.
September 2000 Employment Situation On Friday October 6, 2000 the Employment Situation for September, 2000 was released. The statement showed many positive things for our economy and employment status. Total (nonfarm) employment rose by 252,000 in September. ... Employment rates rose, unemployment is down to 3.9%, Payrolls moderately grew. ... This is an example of the upward flow of the economy and employment situation. ...
According to the US Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics, the "nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 2.3 percent annual rate during the third quarter of 2014 (U.S. ... All of these numbers indicate the nonfarm business sector was doing well in the third quarter of 2014. ... Between the nonfarm business sector and the manufacturing sector we can see that the economy was doing fairly well in the third quarter of 2014. ...
Importance of Employment Relations Employment or human relations covers all types of interactions among employees such as cooperative efforts, interpersonal and group relationships. The purpose of employment relations it to deal with the people the business employs and the issues arising from their employment. Acquiring, developing, maintaining and motivating staff are all aspects that are covered by the employment relations area. ... Separation is the ending of an employment relationship and this comes in many ways. ... Employment relations is a key function in which business must manage t...
Question 1 What is the significance of understanding the employment relationship as a manager? You will need to show your understanding of the employment relationship and apply its relevance to your role as manager. 1. Introduction Figure 1: Main parties of the employment relations. ... The basis of the employment relationship is one of divergent interests; therefore conflict is inevitable at the workplace. ... Substantive agreements settles terms and conditions of employment. ...
The employment relationship is a central concept within the workplace and consists of a number of actors, all of whom play an integral role. ... Each of these actors plays a separate role in the employment relationship however the question focuses on whether or not a particular role is more important than another. "The employment relationship is characterised by a struggle for controls over the content of work itself" (Keenoy & Kelly, 1996:73). ... As such, they constitute an independent source of potential conflict within the employment relationship. ... The state, which is another term u...
Introduction Employment Relations is the relationship between management and the employees in an organization. ... Thus in this report, I will talk more about how when the economy is in a recession will affect the government policy, management of employment relations in organizations and workers and also how alternative work arrangements such as telecommuting can be helpful to an organization in reallocating its human resources as compared to permanent full time employment. ... As compared to permanent full time employment, telecommuting has its own benefits such as it allows workers to b...
Today I would like to share my career of choice and that is self-employment. ... Personal satisfaction is another common reward of self-employment. ... In the beginning of self-employment there are some costs and when considering self-employment, it is important to be aware of them. ... Self-employment can lead to pressures at home unless they are anticipated and planned for. ... Making money in self-employment is all in how hard you actually work to make it. ...
Employment interview Employment interview is the most popular selection device, it gives both the prospective employee and the employer a chance to learn about each other. ... Employment Equal Opportunity (EEO) and Anti-Discrimination. ... The Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) is a creation of conditions that allow all workers to have an equal chance to seek and obtain employment, promotion and employment benefits. ... It requires that a person's race, sex, marital status or nationality should not influence chances of employment, promotion, training or obtaining other benefits or oppor...
The at-will-employment doctrine has been a controversial issue in many employment agencies. ... Ethicists have argued that this policy of employment at will constitutes a violation of moral rights. Many employers have been using anecdotal practices to fool their employees giving them the idea that they will not get dismissed from their employment. ... Employee practices are also mentioned in this article where their may be some misinterpretation to at-will-employment. ... In conclusion, this article has given us a practical approach on some ethical issues that involve management decision maki...