Motivation

McGregor's Theory X Characterization describes a similar person, as does Herzberg's Hygiene Seeker. In contrast, the High-order Need Person, or HONP, operates at the higher end of Maslow's Hierarchy, has characteristics of McGregor's Theory Y, and Herzberg's Motivation Seeker. These personalities differ in the needs they value, and therefore, the needs that motivate them to action. (VanSickle, 1995, pg. 35-41) Figure 1. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y Characterization Theory X Assumptions People dislike work and will avoid it if possible People must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment People will avoid responsibility, have little ambition and want security above all else Theory Y Assumptions People will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed Commitment to objectives is a function of recognition associated with their achievements People will seek responsibility People will exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity, and creativity to solve organizational problems Figure 2. Herzberg's Motivation Hygiene Theory Motivation Factors Sense of achievement Form of Recognition Qualitative value of the work Level of responsibility Opportunity for advancement Personal growth development Hygiene Factors Job Security Salary Working conditions Status Perception of company policy Quality of technical supervision Quality of interpersonal relations Fringe benefits Figure 3. Maslow's Need Hierarchy 1. Physiological Needs General needs--food, drink, shelter, pain avoidance Workplace needs "salary and working conditions 2. Safety and Security General needs--freedom from threat, protection from danger and accidents, security of surroundings Workplace needs "safe conditions, job security, fringe benefits concerning health, protection, and retirement 3. Social General needs--friendships and satisfying relationships with others Workplace needs "acceptance by peers and employee-focused management 4.