Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, or PCOS, is common among five to ten percent of women around child bearing age. It is also the leading cause of infertility in women. Researchers have not yet found a cause for this condition but speculate genetic hereditary as the cause. Some symptoms of PCOS are irregular or absent menstrual periods. The infrequent ovulation in PCOS women produces follicles, 10 mm fluid-filled sacs attached to the ovary which contain the egg. Typically eight or more follicles are formed. (2) Often the follicles are premature which causes them not to ovulate and therefore create cysts on the ovaries. Hyperandrogenism, another symptom, is increased levels of male hormone in the PCOS woman. Other symptoms include infertility, enlarged ovaries, which cause severe pelvic pains, and obesity. (1) Research shows no cure for this disease, merely treatment. The treatments include a cyst removing surgery in which the patient has one month to get pregnant. After a month, the cysts return along with infertility. This is a one time procedure. Another treatment is the drug Glucophage. .
Glucophage, also known as Metformin Hydrochloride, is commonly used to treat type two diabetes. The drug has only been in the United States since 1995, but in Europe for 25 years prior. Glucophage has not been approved by the FDA, Food and Drug Administration for usage in PCOS patients, only for treatment in type II diabetes. The IUPAC name for Glucophage is N,N-diethyl biguanide hydrochloride and the structure is as follows:.
Glucophage has a molecular formula of C4H11N5
•HCl and a weight of 165.63. It is soluble in water; insoluble in acetone, ether, and chloroform. The pH of a 1%aqueous solution of Glucophage is 6.68. Povidone, magnesium stearate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are the active ingredients in Glucophage. Glucophage stops the liver from producing as much glucose in the body. The drug however does not increase the amount of insulin made in the pancreas.
The Endocrine System DIABETES MELLITUS m INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS The primary cause of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), or Type 1 diabetes, is inadequate insulin production by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. In most cells, glucose trans port cannot occur in...
Hirsutism is the excess growth of hair on women where hair would not usually grow. As androgen levels increase , more areas of the skin start to respond by showing hair growth . The genital area is most sensitive , followed by the underarms , chin , middle of the u...
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