Wrestling was introduced in 708 BC in the 18th Olympiad, the same year the "pentathlon" was introduced. Boxing was admitted in 688 in the 23rd Olympiad. Pankration is the most well documented fighting art of the pre-Christian era. It was introduced at the 33rd Olympiad in 648 BC, the same year horse racing was introduced.
Pankration is an ancient Greek sport that was derived from the early forms of Boxing and Wrestling. All techniques except biting and eye gouging were allowed. Kicking was allowed and it was the first known form of fighting that integrated kicking along with striking with the closed fist and open hand. Along with grabbing, this would lead to wrestling or grappling which would follow a slip, knockdown or takedown. .
In keeping with the "Olympic Spirit" early Olympic contests were not to the "Death" but ended much like today's "Ultimate Fights" - with a person being knocked out, being injured, or submitting. Submitting was looked down upon because of the "macho" nationalistic spirit even back then. Just as important, wagers were placed upon individual champions. Champions did not submit: they had to be defeated. Just as in ancient Olympic boxing, a contestant could raise his hand to indicate submission. Or, if on the ground, he could verbally submit. There were occasions in Pankration where a person might be forced to submit because he could not see, when his eyes were swollen shut from the bare-knuckle blows. There were no rounds or rest periods. The combatants were divided by age with no weight divisions. The only rest was between fights. .
Pankration was one of the most highly regarded and popular of the Olympic events. Contestants fought and struggled with no time limits until only one man became the victor and was awarded the coveted crown of olive branches on the final day of the Olympics. .
The death of Pankration would occur after the Romans gained control. Pankration was turned into a "blood bath" with the fighters forced to fight with the dreaded "cestus" (spiked gloves).
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