Emmy Noether a German mathematician demonstrated in 1918 that every conservation law implies the existence of a symmetry. Einstein used symmetry as a lamp to guide his way in the creation of new theories. Yong and Mills theory describes interactions in two other forces called the weak and strong nuclear forces. In Germany in 1919 Theodor Kaluza, hyperdimensionnailty had first been introduced into unified theory. Einstien hope Kaluza get his paper published. A few years later, the Swedish physicist Oskar Klein published a quantum version of Kaluza's work. Is there a hypedimensional universe? "Certainly not here and now; the world we live in is fraught with broken symmetries, and knows but four dimensions." "The answer comes from cosmology, which tells us that the supersymmetric universe, if it existed, belonged to the past.
The axis of history. Murray Gell-Mann a professor of physics at Caltech. In the late 1950's he began classifying subatomic particles into families, to better understand their characteristics. Gell-Mann had been proven right. The specific community agreed the smallest elementary particle is the quark. "The quark have been bound together since the universe was but a few seconds old. Evidence suggests that the age of the universe is between fifteen and eighteen billion years of the universe. " But until we have a theory, we cannot expect to understand what went on in the infant universe. Michael Turner an American cosmologist said "I suspect that we may always find ourselves in this position- that to go to the next tiny fraction of a second we will need some further knowledge that we wont yet have.".
The origin of the universe. People have their own belief about the origin of the universe. "Science has by no means freed the creation question from its old entanglement in human presuppositions and desires. A few scientist did attempt to investigate of how the universe might have originated.