Running head: A Chronology of Artificial Intelligence.
Artificial intelligence has been around for much longer than most people think. When someone thinks of artificial intelligence, they imagine technology such as the computer system, Deep Blue which challenged and beat the world champion chess player, Gary Kasprov (Larson, 1997) or more recent technology such as computers that can replicate the human thought process. In reality, the history on artificial intelligence begins around 3000 bc.
In 1862, a curious papyrus was placed on sale in Mustafa Agha, Egypt. The American, Edwin Smith purchased the papyrus knowing exactly the importance of the text contained in the papyrus. (Medicine In, n.d.) The papyrus represented 48 surgical observations of head wounds. The observations were written in symptom-diagnosis-treatment-prognosis combinations as: If a patient has this symptom, then he has this injury with this prognosis if this treatment is applied. (Medicine In, n.d.) In reality, this was the first known expert system. .
The next case of early artificial intelligence in history occurred in the 13th century. A Spanish theologian named Ramon Lull climbed Mount Randa in Majorca in search of spiritual enlightment. Lull spent many days fasting and contemplating his navel. He believed he received a divine revalation. He left the mountain and began to write the Ars Magna. (Ramon Lull's, n.d.) Lull could possibly be the first person in history to use a mechanical device to generate logical proofs. Lull devised a disk that contained different words or symbols which could be combined in different ways by turning the disks. The disk later became known as the Zairja.
In 1651, Leviathan, written by Thomas Hobbes suggests that humans collectively, by virtue of their organization and use of their machines, would create a new intelligence. George B. Dyson refers to Hobbes as the patriarch of artificial intelligence in his book, "Darwin Among the Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence,"" (p7, 1997).
A Chronology of the Life of Bruce Lee Bruce Lee fought. ... Although he had been shown some t"ai chi by his father, the slow flowing movements did not appeal to Bruce. After consistent begging from Bruce, Grace Lee finally gave in and allowed Bruce to take wing chun, a more fierce fighting technique than t"ai chi. ...