Affirmative Action

All three students took their case against the University of Michigan to the Supreme Court as Allan Bakke had done nearly twenty years before. President George W. Bush has expressed that he disagrees with affirmative action policy and that if the court rules in favor of Grutter, affirmative action policies may change throughout the country. If the nine justices strike down the use of race as a factor in admission at the University of Michigan, there will be far less racial diversity at the best-known colleges in the United States.
             Affirmative action has been controversial since its beginning. Arguments against Affirmative action can basically be divided into two categories. The first is a category of arguments that oppose Affirmative action policies on moral principle. The second is a category of arguments based on bad consequences of Affirmative action. Supporters of affirmative action say that these policies are the only way to create an integrated society in which the whole population has an equal opportunity to share in education, jobs, and other benefits (Gutmann 23).
             According to Lino A. Graglia, who is a professor at the University of Texas at Austin, black high-school seniors, on average, have a combined SAT score about two-hundred points lower than that of white high-school seniors. .
             In nineteen ninety-six, the American Lawyer reported that only forty-five Hispanic students and sixteen black students in the country had an LSAT score at or above the 92nd percentile and a grade-point average of 3.5 or better "scores good enough for admission to three-quarters of the nation's law schools, but below the mean scores of the students admitted to the nation's seven or so most selective schools, including Michigan. Minority applicants cannot be considered in competition with white and Asian applicants if they are to make up at least five to ten percent- the usual objective- of the entering class of selective colleges and universities.