It is a leading cause of infertility, chronic pelvic pain and hysterectomy. Endometriosis is simply defined as: "a condition in which endometrium (that is, the lining of the uterus) is found in locations outside the uterus" (Henderson 9). These implants respond to hormonal commands that each month break down and bleed. However, unlike the endometrium, these tissue deposits have no way of leaving the body. The result is internal bleeding, degeneration of blood and tissue shed from the growths, inflammation of the surrounding areas, expression of irritating enzymes and formation of scar tissue. In addition, the endometriosis "develops into different types of growths, also called implants, nodules, or cysts, which can cause pain, bleeding, infertility, problems with our bowel or bladder" (Phillips 3-4). Endometriosis has even been found lodged in the skin and at other extrapelvic loc!.
ations like the arm, leg and even brain. So where does endometriosis come from?.
The causes and development of endometriosis are poorly understood despite years of research and speculation. The presence of this disease can only be confirmed through surgery like the laparoscopy (discussed later), but it can be suspected based on symptoms, physical findings and diagnostic tests. So far no research done, has been able to find a way of preventing endometriosis because no one knows the cause. Phillips explains that family history, women with higher progesterone levels, cervical stenosis (a condition in which the passageway from the uterus to the vagina is to narrow), exposure to certain toxins, and lifestyle seem to be some theories to the cause (7). None of these really convince me that there is a possible beginning for endometriosis. One theory that most agree with is Retrograde Menstruation. According to this theory, "Endometriosis develops when menstrual fluid from the uterus flow backwards through the fallopian tubes and not out into the pelvic cavity during the menstrual period" (Henderson 10).