Regional Policy is one of the most controversial areas of European Union's communal programs. The aim of "economic and social cohesion- - as in the Treaty of European Union it is referred to - has been to bring the lagging regions closer to the average level of EU's economic performance. It is always difficult to appraise the achievements of any incentive scheme since it can be compared to nothing. We must make assumptions about what would have happened if it had been carried out instead of that Therefore, this essay does not intend to announce the final judgment on Regional Policy rather tries to demonstrate its effects made to reduce the regional disparities in the European Union. .
I try to present as many facts and figures as is required for anyone to draw his/her final conclusion. The question is far more complex than to be simply summarized as a failure or success. Because of the above mentioned reasons it is impossible to tell where the regions would have arrived at without the undertaken actions. Hence, I feel my obligation to point out precisely the work and effort that have been done, so that critical analysis could be carried out. .
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INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL POLICY.
I think before going into detailed discussion of the policy it is worth examining the structure and idea of the whole process to be able to comment its accomplishments later on. Therefore, I would like to start with a short description of the bodies it is based on, the ideas by which the aims are set and some factual data to see what was actually spent on the problem regions. .
With the accession of Spain, Portugal (1986) and Greece (1981) the population of EU grew by 22 per cent while its GDP only by 10 per cent . It was one of the many reasons why the Regional Policy became more appropriate and stressed within the EU gaining share constantly in the annual budget. In the 70's, it amounted to 5 per cent, 10 per cent in the 80's and almost one third of the budget was spent on regional issues in the 90's .
Numerous thing about regionalism as a counter to the development to advertise the quick regionalisms. ... What is Regionalism? ... Regionalism is good? ... Policy decisions RTS decisive impact on the development that must be properly processed and evaluated. ... (Busch, 2009) • ACR absorb scarce resources negotiation and shift attention of policy makers. ...
Both documents appear to have the same perspective in regards to the spread of democracy, protecting American interest, dealing with regional conflicts, fighting terrorism, and the United States position in the world. ... Moreover, the two documents, A National Foreign Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement and The National Foreign Strategy of the United States of America, convey the importance of the United States involvement in regional conflicts. From the perspectives of the Clinton's administration, "the focus of our planning for major theater conflict is on deterring and, if nece...
One of the EU's chief spending items is centred on structural or cohesion policy. ... But the key issue from a financial viewpoint is whether these structural funds prove a beneficial return in terms of enhanced growth that praises the sum spent on the regional policy in the first place. ... Sala-i-Martin evaluated the regional development trends in the EU in comparison with other coalitions that are short of a similarly widespread cohesion programme indicated that EU's structural/cohesion policy was a letdown, but nevertheless his conclusion required the contrast of coalitions and ...
Unlike the traditional county councils, the new regions have greater impact on regional policy goals and the formal responsibility for the county's regional development. ... Unlike traditional associations of municipalities, the regional development councils have greater impact on regional policy goals and the formal responsibility for the county's regional development. ... Regional Policies. Presentation of the Regional Industrial Policy The overall objective of the regional industrial policy is as follows: "On the basis of the unique features of each region, sustainable economi...
Moreover, regionalism was a dynamic factor which encouraged institutions with their policy makers and powerful provincial elites (Bickerton & Gagnon 210). ... Regionalism maintains a degree of attachment to a specific area or territory. ... It reinforces the importance of regional, cultural and political views which unite the citizens. ... Over the last few decades, we have seen a dramatic upsurge in regionalism throughout Canada. ... This policy alone has pitted Ottawa against Alberta for over a decade [Ste]. ...
The first of these relates to ensuring that the monetary policies are set by taking into account the level of credit that is available and how changes to the monetary system might have an impact on employment figures and regulation of price. ... In terms of the general structure and makeup of the Federal Reserve, it is composed of a Board of Directors that are located in Washington DC, along with twelve regional Federal Reserve banks that tend to oversee the banks that fall under their respective region al jurisdiction. ... The Fed often utilizes the so called Taylor Rule (The Federal Rese...
In addition, it is unfeasible for other states to balance, due to prohibitive costs in doing so, and the "check" that regional powers provide before aspirants develop into a direct threat to the US's sole pole status. ... "Absence of threats permits policy to become capricious". ... Continuing on these fundamental postulations, states will prefer global unipolarity and regional multipolarity, over regional unipolarity, in regards to there desire for prestige, independence, and security. ... It is also questionable as to whether the "collective action problem" of regional powers cann...
In line with the goal of establishing this ministry to help the women from various aspects then the ministry has developed the National Policy on Women in the second or more known as the National Policy on Women 2009. National Policy on Women is the continuation of the National Policy on Women first enacted 20 years ago with regard to the issues, opportunities, challenges and the current environment and future. ... However in the National Policy on Women 2009 have some improvements that have been made. ... The Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA), Pihak Berkuasa Kemajuan Pekebun-pekebun ...
For years the foreign policy was governed by one overriding goal, which was to contain the Soviet Union's expansionist tendencies. ... A successful peace process enhances regional stability, removes a rallying point for fanaticism, and enhances prospects for political and economic development. ... The United States foreign policy framework crucial player was the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. ... A major challenge to the unipolar world has come from newly emerging regional economic blocs, each around one of the superpowers. ... The United States foreign policy in Sou...