Peru

In the northeast, the Sierra goes downwards into a vast tropical plain, dominated by the big rivers Ucayali and Maranon. The Amazaon river begins at the point where these two rivers flow together. Only in Peru, otnithologists have registered near 1,800 species of birds. This is five percent of all the birds on the planet, and fourty-five percent of the neo-tropical species.
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             In Peru, the climates are opposite to those in the USA and Europe. Summer stars in December and goes until April and winter goes from June until September. The western part of the country is made up of dry desert, while the eastern part is mainly tropical. The temperatures are frigid in the Andes. Peru's natural hazards include earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides and mild volcanic activity. Sixty-six percent of Peru's land is in forests and woodland, while only three percent is in arable land. There are no permanent crops in Peru. The natural resources are copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash and hydropower. .
             Peru is best known as the heart of the Inca empire, but it was home to many diverse indigenous cultures long before the Incas arrived. There is evidnce the people lived in Peru as long ago as the eighth millenium BC, but there is little evidence of organized village life until about 2,500 BC. For the next 1500 years, Peruvian civilization developed into a number of organized cultures, including the Chavin and the Sechin. The Chavin are best known for their stylized religious inconography. The Sechin are remembered more for their military influence and authority than they are for their cultural achievement. The decline of the Chavin and Sechin cultures around the fifth century BC gave rise to a number of distinctive regional cultures. Some of these, including the Saliner and the Paracas, are celebrated for their technological advances such as the kiln-fired ceramics and sophisticated weaving techniques.