'Prayer in Public Schools' - outline.
- Introduction Sentence: Until around 1962, prayer was allowed to be practiced in schools across the nation.
I - Society had no problem with school prayer before then.
A - Early America - purpose of school = religious education.
1 - Virginia - only state without school prayer.
a - no tax funds for church sponsored schools.
II - Students/Parents Stand Up.
A - Parents and students opposed to mandatory school prayer.
1 - Programs set up.
2 - Students leave class during prayer time.
3 - Violation of first amendment rights.
III - Supreme Court Cases.
A - Engel vs. Vitale (decision on June 25, 1962).
1 - 1962 - New York State.
2 - NYS Board of Regents (same one as today).
a - recommended each morning students recite a 'neutral' prayer.
1 - Neutral: no particular religion favored.
2 - What is neural to one can be very offensive to another person.
3 - 10 students parents were outraged.
a - Believed it was Unconstitutional.
b - brought to Supreme Court.
4 - 8 - 1 ruling in favor of Engel.
a - This practice was unconstitutional.
b - This prayer violated the Constitution whether it favored one religion or not.
B- Abington vs. Schempp (decision on June 17, 1963).
1 - Despite Engel decision, many schools continued prayer. (37 states permitted prayer and 13 required Bible reading).
2 - 1963 - Germanton, Pennsylvania.
3 - The state mandated that 10 Bible verses and the Lord's prayer be read each morning in public schools over the loud speaker.
4 - Edward Schempp (father) was a Unitarian and felt the prayer violated his children's religious freedom.
a- School said children could be excused from prayer with parental consent.
b - Schempp's thought this absence would cause friction between children and friends.
5 - This reading violated Establishment and Free Exercise Clause and was therefore unconstitutional - legal end to all school prayer.